Comparative Analysis of the Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory, and Antimicrobial Properties of Glaucium leiocarpum Extracts Obtained by Different Extraction Methods
Abstract
The genus Glaucium Mill. (Papaveraceae), comprising approximately 30 taxa worldwide and represented by 12 taxa in Türkiye, remains underexplored in terms of its bioactive potential. In this study, the antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and antimicrobial properties of Glaucium leiocarpum Boiss. extracts were comparatively evaluated to generate novel insights into this neglected species. The aerial parts of G. leiocarpum were collected from Denizli, Türkiye, and extracted using two solvents, 80% methanol or ethanol, through either ultrasonic-assisted or orbital-shaker methods. Antioxidant capacity was assessed via the ABTS and CUPRAC assays, while tyrosinase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibition tests were performed to determine enzyme inhibitory activity. Antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungal strains by disk diffusion and microdilution techniques. The orbital methanolic extract showed the highest ABTS radical-scavenging activity (152.67±2.75 mg TEs/g), whereas the ultrasonic methanolic extract exhibited the strongest CUPRAC reducing power (168.64 ± 7.42 mg TEs/g). Tyrosinase inhibition was most pronounced in ultrasonic and orbital ethanol extracts, while α-glucosidase inhibition was markedly stronger in ethanol-based extracts compared with their methanol counterparts. All extracts displayed weak antimicrobial activity with inhibition zones of 8–9 mm and MIC values ranging from 512 to 1024 µg/mL, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa being the most susceptible. This investigation represents the first systematic report on the antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and antimicrobial activities of G. leiocarpum. Although antimicrobial effects were limited relative to positive controls, the strong antioxidant and selective enzyme inhibitory activities emphasize its potential as a source of novel phytochemicals, warranting further phytochemical characterization and pharmacological exploration.
Keywords
References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Plant Biochemistry
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Cennet Özay
*
0000-0002-1120-6122
Türkiye
İsmail Öztürk
0000-0002-2669-3091
Türkiye
Gökhan Zengin
0000-0001-6548-7823
Türkiye
Early Pub Date
September 19, 2026
Publication Date
-
Submission Date
September 25, 2025
Acceptance Date
November 20, 2025
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Number: Advanced Online Publication
