Research Article

Comparative Analysis of the Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory, and Antimicrobial Properties of Glaucium leiocarpum Extracts Obtained by Different Extraction Methods

Number: Advanced Online Publication Early Pub Date: September 19, 2026
TR EN

Comparative Analysis of the Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory, and Antimicrobial Properties of Glaucium leiocarpum Extracts Obtained by Different Extraction Methods

Abstract

The genus Glaucium Mill. (Papaveraceae), comprising approximately 30 taxa worldwide and represented by 12 taxa in Türkiye, remains underexplored in terms of its bioactive potential. In this study, the antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and antimicrobial properties of Glaucium leiocarpum Boiss. extracts were comparatively evaluated to generate novel insights into this neglected species. The aerial parts of G. leiocarpum were collected from Denizli, Türkiye, and extracted using two solvents, 80% methanol or ethanol, through either ultrasonic-assisted or orbital-shaker methods. Antioxidant capacity was assessed via the ABTS and CUPRAC assays, while tyrosinase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibition tests were performed to determine enzyme inhibitory activity. Antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungal strains by disk diffusion and microdilution techniques. The orbital methanolic extract showed the highest ABTS radical-scavenging activity (152.67±2.75 mg TEs/g), whereas the ultrasonic methanolic extract exhibited the strongest CUPRAC reducing power (168.64 ± 7.42 mg TEs/g). Tyrosinase inhibition was most pronounced in ultrasonic and orbital ethanol extracts, while α-glucosidase inhibition was markedly stronger in ethanol-based extracts compared with their methanol counterparts. All extracts displayed weak antimicrobial activity with inhibition zones of 8–9 mm and MIC values ranging from 512 to 1024 µg/mL, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa being the most susceptible. This investigation represents the first systematic report on the antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and antimicrobial activities of G. leiocarpum. Although antimicrobial effects were limited relative to positive controls, the strong antioxidant and selective enzyme inhibitory activities emphasize its potential as a source of novel phytochemicals, warranting further phytochemical characterization and pharmacological exploration.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Plant Biochemistry

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

September 19, 2026

Publication Date

-

Submission Date

September 25, 2025

Acceptance Date

November 20, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: Advanced Online Publication

APA
Özay, C., Öztürk, İ., & Zengin, G. (2026). Comparative Analysis of the Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory, and Antimicrobial Properties of Glaucium leiocarpum Extracts Obtained by Different Extraction Methods. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, Advanced Online Publication, 9-17. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1790826
AMA
1.Özay C, Öztürk İ, Zengin G. Comparative Analysis of the Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory, and Antimicrobial Properties of Glaucium leiocarpum Extracts Obtained by Different Extraction Methods. KSU J. Agric Nat. 2026;(Advanced Online Publication):9-17. doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1790826
Chicago
Özay, Cennet, İsmail Öztürk, and Gökhan Zengin. 2026. “Comparative Analysis of the Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory, and Antimicrobial Properties of Glaucium Leiocarpum Extracts Obtained by Different Extraction Methods”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, no. Advanced Online Publication: 9-17. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1790826.
EndNote
Özay C, Öztürk İ, Zengin G (September 1, 2026) Comparative Analysis of the Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory, and Antimicrobial Properties of Glaucium leiocarpum Extracts Obtained by Different Extraction Methods. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi Advanced Online Publication 9–17.
IEEE
[1]C. Özay, İ. Öztürk, and G. Zengin, “Comparative Analysis of the Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory, and Antimicrobial Properties of Glaucium leiocarpum Extracts Obtained by Different Extraction Methods”, KSU J. Agric Nat., no. Advanced Online Publication, pp. 9–17, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1790826.
ISNAD
Özay, Cennet - Öztürk, İsmail - Zengin, Gökhan. “Comparative Analysis of the Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory, and Antimicrobial Properties of Glaucium Leiocarpum Extracts Obtained by Different Extraction Methods”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi. Advanced Online Publication (September 1, 2026): 9-17. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1790826.
JAMA
1.Özay C, Öztürk İ, Zengin G. Comparative Analysis of the Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory, and Antimicrobial Properties of Glaucium leiocarpum Extracts Obtained by Different Extraction Methods. KSU J. Agric Nat. 2026;:9–17.
MLA
Özay, Cennet, et al. “Comparative Analysis of the Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory, and Antimicrobial Properties of Glaucium Leiocarpum Extracts Obtained by Different Extraction Methods”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, no. Advanced Online Publication, Sept. 2026, pp. 9-17, doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1790826.
Vancouver
1.Cennet Özay, İsmail Öztürk, Gökhan Zengin. Comparative Analysis of the Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory, and Antimicrobial Properties of Glaucium leiocarpum Extracts Obtained by Different Extraction Methods. KSU J. Agric Nat. 2026 Sep. 1;(Advanced Online Publication):9-17. doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1790826


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