Chemical and biological evaluation of five endemic Salvia species: Rich source of rosmarinic, caffeic, fumaric and malic acids

Serkan Yiğitkan; Leyla Balur Adsız; Mustafa Abdullah Yılmaz; Evin Aygün; Hilal Saruhan Fidan; Esra Yariş; Mehmet Akdeniz; Mehmet Veysi Çağlayan; İsmail Yener; Mehmet Boğa; Mehmet Fırat; Ufuk Kolak; Abdulselam Ertaş

doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1804808

TR EN

Beş endemik Salvia türünün kimyasal ve biyolojik değerlendirmesi: Rosmarinik, kafeik, fumarik ve malik asitlerin zengin kaynağı

Öz

Tıbbi bitkiler eski çağlardan beri birçok hastalığın tedavisinde kullanılmış olup, sinerjik etkileri ve sentetik ilaçların ciddi yan etkileri nedeniyle toplumda bitkilerle tedavi giderek daha fazla tercih edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, halk arasında yaygın olarak kullanılan Salvia cinsine ait 5 endemik türün (Salvia cerino-pruinosa var. elazigensis, S. cerino-pruinosa var. cerino-pruinosa, S. rosifolia, S. pseudeuphratica ve S. kurdica) fenolik içerikleri LC-MS/MS yöntemi ile belirlenmiş ve antioksidan, sitotoksik, anti-Alzheimer, antiüreaz, antitirozinaz, antielastaz ve antikolejenaz aktiviteleri araştırılmıştır. Türün karışık kısımlarından hazırlanan petrol eteri özütleri fenolik içerik bakımından en fakir, etanol özütleri ise en zengin olarak bulunmuştur. Dolayısıyla örnek özütlerin hazırlanması sırasında çözücünün polaritesi arttıkça, özütlerin fenolik bileşen çeşitliliği bakımından daha zengin hale geldiği gözlenmiştir. Genel olarak tüm etanol özütlerinin rosmarinik asit, kafeik asit, fumarik asit ve malik asit açısından zengin olduğu bulunmuştur. Özellikle S. cerino-pruinosa var. elazigensis diğer türlere kıyasla bileşen çeşitliliği ve miktarları bakımından daha zengin bulunmuştur. Özellikle bu türün yaprak kısmının rosmarinik asit (34638,45 µg analit/g özüt) içeriği dikkat çekicidir. Genel olarak tüm türlerin antioksidan aktiviteleri yüksek veya orta düzeyde, enzim aktiviteleri ise düşük bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma, 5 endemik türün çeşitli kısımlarının farklı çözücüler (petrol eteri, kloroform ve etanol) kullanılarak hazırlanan ekstraktlarının kimyasal içerikleri ve biyolojik aktiviteleri üzerine literatürde yapılan ilk detaylı çalışmadır. S. cerino-pruinosa var. elazigensis yaprağının etanol ekstraktı yüksek toplam fenolik ve rosmarinik asit içeriğine ve antioksidan potansiyele sahiptir ve S. rosifolia'nın sitotoksik aktivitesi, gıda takviyesi, gıda koruyucu ve ilaç endüstrilerinde kullanım potansiyeline sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Chemical and biological evaluation of five endemic Salvia species: Rich source of rosmarinic, caffeic, fumaric and malic acids

Abstract

Medicinal plants have been used to treat many diseases since ancient times, and treatment with herbs is becoming more and more preferred in society due to their synergistic effects and the serious side effects of synthetic drugs. In this study, the phenolic contents of 5 endemic species (Salvia cerino-pruinosa var. elazigensis, S. cerino-pruinosa var. cerino-pruinosa, S. rosifolia, S. pseudeuphratica and S. kurdica) belonging to the genus Salvia, which are widely used among the public, were determined by LC-MS/MS and their antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-Alzheimer, urease, tyrosinase, elastase and collegenase activities were investigated. Petroleum ether extracts prepared from mixed parts of the species were found to be the poorest in terms of phenolic content, while ethanol extracts were the richest. Therefore, as the polarity of the solvent increased during the preparation of the sample extracts, it was observed that the extracts became richer in terms of phenolic component diversity. In general, all ethanol extracts were found to be rich in rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, fumaric acid and malic acid. Especially S. cerino-pruinosa var. elazigensis was found to be richer in terms of component diversity and amounts compared to other species. Especially the rosmarinic acid (34638.45 µg analyte/g extract) content of the leaf part of this species is remarkable. In general, antioxidant activities of all species were found to be high or moderate, while enzyme activities were low. This is the first detailed study in the literature on the chemical contents and biological activities of extracts of various parts of 5 endemic species prepared using different solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol). The ethanol extract of the leaf of S. cerino-pruinosa var. elazigensis has high total phenolic, rosmarinic acid content and antioxidant potential and the cytotoxic activity of S. rosifolia has potential for use in food supplement, food preservative and pharmaceutical industries.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Plant Biochemistry

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Serkan Yiğitkan
0000-0002-6202-1515
Türkiye

Leyla Balur Adsız
0009-0001-9276-6892
Türkiye

Mustafa Abdullah Yılmaz
0000-0002-4090-7227
Türkiye

Evin Aygün
0009-0004-9680-6654
Türkiye

Hilal Saruhan Fidan
0000-0002-5790-9915
Türkiye

Esra Yariş
0009-0003-8575-0520
Türkiye

Mehmet Akdeniz
0000-0002-4435-4826
Türkiye

Mehmet Veysi Çağlayan
0000-0002-9803-6444
Türkiye

İsmail Yener
0000-0002-0988-9462
Türkiye

Mehmet Boğa
0000-0003-4163-9962
Türkiye

Mehmet Fırat
0000-0001-5814-614X
Türkiye

Ufuk Kolak
0000-0002-0339-635X
Türkiye

Abdulselam Ertaş ^*
0000-0002-2193-8386
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

February 27, 2026

Publication Date

February 27, 2026

Submission Date

October 20, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 29, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: Advanced Online Publication

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1804808

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA69CL44RE

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Yiğitkan, S., Balur Adsız, L., Yılmaz, M. A., Aygün, E., Saruhan Fidan, H., Yariş, E., Akdeniz, M., Çağlayan, M. V., Yener, İ., Boğa, M., Fırat, M., Kolak, U., & Ertaş, A. (2026). Chemical and biological evaluation of five endemic Salvia species: Rich source of rosmarinic, caffeic, fumaric and malic acids. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, Advanced Online Publication, 849-862. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1804808