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Management of Non-wood Forest Products in Turkey

Year 2018, Volume: 21 Issue: 3, 457 - 471, 15.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.18016/ksudobil.342303

Abstract



Non-wood forest products are
specific goods or services which are considered as out of wood raw materials
found in nature. Some of the products are cultivated because of their high
demand and produced with agricultural practices. Thyme used in herbal teas and
primrose used widely as an ornamental plant are significant examples of plants
both collected from nature and have agricultural production in Turkey. However,
most of the non-wood forest products are still consumed by collecting them from
nature.




Turkey has a great capacity on
non-wood forest products due to the advantage provided by high biodiversity.
Additionally, people in Turkey has a wide range of experience on the
utilization of wild plants and there is a significant diversity of use of
non-wood forest products as a result of geographical location and historical
heritage. Despite these advantages, it is difficult to mention that sustainable
management of non-wood forest products is totally guaranteed in Turkey, as is
the case in many other countries.



The capacity of non-wood forest products in Turkey was
introduced in this study. Institutional structure responsible for the
management of non-wood forest products has been explained. The place of
non-wood forest products in country plans and legislations regulating the ways
of utilizing them were presented. As a result, although richness of non-wood
forest products have been discovered and an institutional structure responsible
for the diversity of these products have already been established, it was found
that a way of planning and management structure ensuring the sustainability for
the diversity of these species is still contentious, while there are
deficiencies on the species-specific information and management processes.

References

  • Altunel, A., T., 2011: Odun Dışı Orman Ürünlerinin Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Sosyoekonomik Boyutu, İÜ Fen Bil. Ens. Or. Ekonomisi Programı, Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, 220 sayfa.
  • Başkent, E., Z., Küçüker, D., M., 2011: Inventory of Non Wood Forest Products, Proceedings of II. International Non-wood Forest Products Symposium, 8-10 September 2011. Isparta. ISBN:978-9944-452-52-6. Pages: 58-67.
  • Berkes, F., Davidson - Hunt, I., 2010: Innovating through commons use: community-based enterprises, International Journal of the Commons, Vol. 4, no 1 February 2010, pp. 1–7.
  • Bozkurt, Y., Yaltırık, F., Özdönmez M., 1982: Türkiye’de Orman Yan Ürünleri, İ.Ü. Yayın No: 2845, OF. Yayın No: 302, İstanbul. 190 sayfa.
  • Chamberlain, J. L., 2004: A Strategy for Nontimber Forest Products Research and Technology Transfer for Southern United States, Proceedings of the IUFRO Division 5 Research Groups 5.11 and 5.12, New Zealand, march 11-15, 2003. USDA, PNW GTR 604.
  • ÇOB 2004: Türkiye Ulusal Ormancılık Programı 2004-2023. Ankara Davidson-Hunt., I., Duchesne L., C., Zasada J., C., 2001: Nontimber Forest Products: Local Livelihoods and Integrated Forest Management, (İçinde Forest Communities in the Third Millennium: Linking Research, Business, and Policy Toward a Sustainable Non-Timber Forest Product Sector, USDA, GTR- NC- 217, 2001.
  • Delgado T., S., McCall, M., K., Binqüist, C., L., 2016: Recognized but not supported: Assessing the incorporation of non-timber forest products into Mexican forest policy, Forest Policy and Economics 71 (2016) 36–42
  • FAO 2016: State of the World’s Forests 2016. Forests and agriculture: land-use challenges and opportunities. Rome. ISBN 978-92-5-109208-8.
  • Işık, K.,2014: Biyolojik Çeşitlilik, ANG Vakfı yayın no: 2, ISBN: 978-975-01176-0-2, İstanbul, 224 Sayfa.
  • Lund, H. Gyde. 1998: The non-wood forest resources mystery. In: Lund, H. Gyde; Pajari, Brita; Korhonen, Minna. eds. 1998. Sustainable development of non-wood goods and benefits from boreal and cold temperate forests. Proceedings of the workshop. Joensuu, Finland. 18-22 January 1998. EFI Proceedings 23. Joensuu, Finland: European Forest Institute; 29-45.
  • Lynch, K. A., Maclain, R., J., 2003: Access, Labour, and Wild Floral Greens Management in Western Washington’s Forests, PNW-GTR-585. 61. Pages.
  • Mohammed, G. H., 2001: Recommendations for Sustainable Development of Non-timber Forest Products, (İçinde Forest Communities in the Third Millennium: Linking Research, Business, and Policy Toward a Sustainable Non-Timber Forest Product Sector, USDA, GTR- NC- 217, 2001.
  • Mukherjee S., Chaturvedi, S., S., 2017: Utilization Aspects of Floral Non-Timber Forest Products: A Review, Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 5(4) April, ISSN: 2321-8819 (Online) 2348-7186 Vol. 5, Issue 4, April 2017.
  • Neves, A., C., O., Fazito, D., Fernandes, G., W., 2015: Revisiting The Paradigm and the Paradox of Non-Timber Forest Products Harvest: Perspectives in the Context of Agriculture Expansion, Oecologia Australis, 18: 51-54, 2015, 10.4257/oeco.2014.18.08.07
  • OGM, 1987: Ülkemizdeki Bazı Önemli Orman Tali Ürünlerinin Teşhis ve Tanıtım Kılavuzu, Yayın No:659, Seri No: 18, 89 sayfa.
  • OGM, 2004: Türkiye Ormanlarında Odun Dışı Ürünler, Ankara.
  • OGM, 2008: Orman Amenajman Yönetmeliği, Ankara.
  • OGM, 2009: 2010-2014 Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Stratejik Plan, Ankara.
  • OGM, 2012: 2013-2017 Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Stratejik Plan, Ankara.
  • OGM, 2016: Stratejik Plan 2017 - 2021. https://www.ogm.gov.tr/ekutuphane/StratejikPlan/Forms/AllItems.aspx (30.06.2017).
  • OGM, 2017: https://www.ogm.gov.tr/Baskanliklar/OdunDisiUrunveHizmetler/Sayfalar/Odun-Disi-Urun-ve-Hizmetler.aspx (30.06.2017).
  • Ok K. 2000: Orman Kaynakları Planlamasına Aşamalı Yaklaşım. İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi Dergisi Seri B Cilt 49 Sayı: 1-2-3-4 İstanbul.
  • Ok, K., Alagöz, G. Ö., Atıcı, E., Çoban, S., Şenyurt, M., 2012: Süsleme Amaçlı Kullanılan Odun dışı Orman Ürünlerinin Sürdürülebilir Yönetimi, TÜBİTAK 109O264 Proje Sonuç Raporu, DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1019.9764, https://www. researchgate.net/publication/282845134
  • Orman Su, 2016: Ormancılık İstatistikleri 2016, https://www.ogm.gov.tr/ekutuphane/Istatistikler. 16-F6A1-40F4-BE44-7526AE967FDC} (Erişim, 31.07.2017)
  • Shackleton, C., M., Pandey, A., K., 2014: Positioning non-timber forest products on the development agenda, Forest Policy and Economics 38 (2014) 1–7
  • Sisak, L., Riedl, M., Dudik, R., 2015: Non-market non-timber forest products in the Czech Republic—Theirsocio-economic effects and trends in forest land use, Land Use Policy 50 (2016) 390–398,
  • Sunderland T., C., H., Ndoye, O., 2017: Management and conservation of NWFP resources, (İçinde Living in and from the forests of Central Africa, 65-74, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Non-Wood Forest Products no. 21, ISBN: 978-92-5-109489-1, ISSN: 1020-9727, Rome, Italy.
  • Tomé, M., Faias, S., P., 2014: State of the art, review of silviculture, models and decision support tools for multipurpose trees (MPT) and non‐wood forest products (NWFP). Deliverable 2.1 of the StarTree Project.
  • Topay, M., 2011: Recreation as an Important Non-wood Forest Product, Proceedings of II. International Non-wood Forest Products Symposium, 8-10 September 2011. Isparta, ISBN:978-9944-452-52-6. Pages: 58-67.
  • Vance, N., C., Borsting, M., Pilz, D., Freed, J., 2001: Special Forest Products Species Information Guide for the Pacific North West, PNW-GTR-513. 169. Pages.
  • Vantomme, P., 2001: FAO’s Non-wood Forest Products Programme, Seminar Proceedings of Harvesting of Non-wood Forest Products, 2-8 October 2000. Izmir.

Türkiye’de Odun Dışı Orman Ürünlerinin Yönetimi

Year 2018, Volume: 21 Issue: 3, 457 - 471, 15.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.18016/ksudobil.342303

Abstract



Odun dışı orman ürünleri, yeryüzünde doğal olarak bulunan ve
odun hammaddesi dışında kalan özel ürünler veya hizmetlerdir. Bu ürünlerin bir
bölümü, sahip olduğu yüksek talep nedeniyle kültüre alınmakta ve tarımsal
faaliyetlerle üretilmektedir. Çay olarak içilen kekik, süs bitkisi olarak
kullanılan çuha çiçeği Türkiye’de hem doğal alanlardan toplanan hem tarımsal
üretimi yapılan bitkilere örnektir. Bununla birlikte, odun dışı orman
ürünlerinin çoğunluğu halen doğadan toplanarak tüketilmektedir.




Türkiye yüksek biyolojik çeşitliliğin sağladığı avantajın
bir sonucu olarak, odun dışı orman ürünleri alanında önemli bir kapasiteye
sahiptir. Bununla birlikte, coğrafi konumu ve tarihi birikiminin bir sonucu
olarak, Türkiye’deki insanların yabani bitkilerden geniş bir yararlanma
deneyimi bulunmakta ve odun dışı orman ürünlerinden faydalanma çeşitliliği
görülmektedir. Bu üstünlüklere rağmen odun dışı orman ürünlerinin
sürdürülebilir yönetiminin, pek çok ülkede olduğu gibi, Türkiye’de de tamamen
garanti altına alındığını söylemek güçtür.



Bu makalede, Türkiye’nin odun dışı orman ürünleri kapasitesi
tanıtılmaktadır. Ülke idari yapısı içerisinde odun dışı orman ürünlerinin
yönetiminden sorumlu kurumsal yapı açıklanmaktadır. Ülke planları içerisinde
odun dışı orman ürünlerine verilen yer ile bu ürünlerden faydalanma biçimini
düzenleyen mevzuat tanıtılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, odun dışı orman ürünleri
çeşitliliği anlaşılmış ve bu çeşitlilikten sorumlu bir örgüt yapısı ortaya
konmuş olsa da, bu türlerin sürekliliğini sağlayabilecek planlama ve yönetim şeklinin
halen tartışılır bir yapıda olduğu, özellikle türe özgü bilgi ve yönetim
süreçleri konusunda eksikliklerin bulunduğu anlaşılmaktadır.

References

  • Altunel, A., T., 2011: Odun Dışı Orman Ürünlerinin Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Sosyoekonomik Boyutu, İÜ Fen Bil. Ens. Or. Ekonomisi Programı, Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, 220 sayfa.
  • Başkent, E., Z., Küçüker, D., M., 2011: Inventory of Non Wood Forest Products, Proceedings of II. International Non-wood Forest Products Symposium, 8-10 September 2011. Isparta. ISBN:978-9944-452-52-6. Pages: 58-67.
  • Berkes, F., Davidson - Hunt, I., 2010: Innovating through commons use: community-based enterprises, International Journal of the Commons, Vol. 4, no 1 February 2010, pp. 1–7.
  • Bozkurt, Y., Yaltırık, F., Özdönmez M., 1982: Türkiye’de Orman Yan Ürünleri, İ.Ü. Yayın No: 2845, OF. Yayın No: 302, İstanbul. 190 sayfa.
  • Chamberlain, J. L., 2004: A Strategy for Nontimber Forest Products Research and Technology Transfer for Southern United States, Proceedings of the IUFRO Division 5 Research Groups 5.11 and 5.12, New Zealand, march 11-15, 2003. USDA, PNW GTR 604.
  • ÇOB 2004: Türkiye Ulusal Ormancılık Programı 2004-2023. Ankara Davidson-Hunt., I., Duchesne L., C., Zasada J., C., 2001: Nontimber Forest Products: Local Livelihoods and Integrated Forest Management, (İçinde Forest Communities in the Third Millennium: Linking Research, Business, and Policy Toward a Sustainable Non-Timber Forest Product Sector, USDA, GTR- NC- 217, 2001.
  • Delgado T., S., McCall, M., K., Binqüist, C., L., 2016: Recognized but not supported: Assessing the incorporation of non-timber forest products into Mexican forest policy, Forest Policy and Economics 71 (2016) 36–42
  • FAO 2016: State of the World’s Forests 2016. Forests and agriculture: land-use challenges and opportunities. Rome. ISBN 978-92-5-109208-8.
  • Işık, K.,2014: Biyolojik Çeşitlilik, ANG Vakfı yayın no: 2, ISBN: 978-975-01176-0-2, İstanbul, 224 Sayfa.
  • Lund, H. Gyde. 1998: The non-wood forest resources mystery. In: Lund, H. Gyde; Pajari, Brita; Korhonen, Minna. eds. 1998. Sustainable development of non-wood goods and benefits from boreal and cold temperate forests. Proceedings of the workshop. Joensuu, Finland. 18-22 January 1998. EFI Proceedings 23. Joensuu, Finland: European Forest Institute; 29-45.
  • Lynch, K. A., Maclain, R., J., 2003: Access, Labour, and Wild Floral Greens Management in Western Washington’s Forests, PNW-GTR-585. 61. Pages.
  • Mohammed, G. H., 2001: Recommendations for Sustainable Development of Non-timber Forest Products, (İçinde Forest Communities in the Third Millennium: Linking Research, Business, and Policy Toward a Sustainable Non-Timber Forest Product Sector, USDA, GTR- NC- 217, 2001.
  • Mukherjee S., Chaturvedi, S., S., 2017: Utilization Aspects of Floral Non-Timber Forest Products: A Review, Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 5(4) April, ISSN: 2321-8819 (Online) 2348-7186 Vol. 5, Issue 4, April 2017.
  • Neves, A., C., O., Fazito, D., Fernandes, G., W., 2015: Revisiting The Paradigm and the Paradox of Non-Timber Forest Products Harvest: Perspectives in the Context of Agriculture Expansion, Oecologia Australis, 18: 51-54, 2015, 10.4257/oeco.2014.18.08.07
  • OGM, 1987: Ülkemizdeki Bazı Önemli Orman Tali Ürünlerinin Teşhis ve Tanıtım Kılavuzu, Yayın No:659, Seri No: 18, 89 sayfa.
  • OGM, 2004: Türkiye Ormanlarında Odun Dışı Ürünler, Ankara.
  • OGM, 2008: Orman Amenajman Yönetmeliği, Ankara.
  • OGM, 2009: 2010-2014 Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Stratejik Plan, Ankara.
  • OGM, 2012: 2013-2017 Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Stratejik Plan, Ankara.
  • OGM, 2016: Stratejik Plan 2017 - 2021. https://www.ogm.gov.tr/ekutuphane/StratejikPlan/Forms/AllItems.aspx (30.06.2017).
  • OGM, 2017: https://www.ogm.gov.tr/Baskanliklar/OdunDisiUrunveHizmetler/Sayfalar/Odun-Disi-Urun-ve-Hizmetler.aspx (30.06.2017).
  • Ok K. 2000: Orman Kaynakları Planlamasına Aşamalı Yaklaşım. İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi Dergisi Seri B Cilt 49 Sayı: 1-2-3-4 İstanbul.
  • Ok, K., Alagöz, G. Ö., Atıcı, E., Çoban, S., Şenyurt, M., 2012: Süsleme Amaçlı Kullanılan Odun dışı Orman Ürünlerinin Sürdürülebilir Yönetimi, TÜBİTAK 109O264 Proje Sonuç Raporu, DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1019.9764, https://www. researchgate.net/publication/282845134
  • Orman Su, 2016: Ormancılık İstatistikleri 2016, https://www.ogm.gov.tr/ekutuphane/Istatistikler. 16-F6A1-40F4-BE44-7526AE967FDC} (Erişim, 31.07.2017)
  • Shackleton, C., M., Pandey, A., K., 2014: Positioning non-timber forest products on the development agenda, Forest Policy and Economics 38 (2014) 1–7
  • Sisak, L., Riedl, M., Dudik, R., 2015: Non-market non-timber forest products in the Czech Republic—Theirsocio-economic effects and trends in forest land use, Land Use Policy 50 (2016) 390–398,
  • Sunderland T., C., H., Ndoye, O., 2017: Management and conservation of NWFP resources, (İçinde Living in and from the forests of Central Africa, 65-74, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Non-Wood Forest Products no. 21, ISBN: 978-92-5-109489-1, ISSN: 1020-9727, Rome, Italy.
  • Tomé, M., Faias, S., P., 2014: State of the art, review of silviculture, models and decision support tools for multipurpose trees (MPT) and non‐wood forest products (NWFP). Deliverable 2.1 of the StarTree Project.
  • Topay, M., 2011: Recreation as an Important Non-wood Forest Product, Proceedings of II. International Non-wood Forest Products Symposium, 8-10 September 2011. Isparta, ISBN:978-9944-452-52-6. Pages: 58-67.
  • Vance, N., C., Borsting, M., Pilz, D., Freed, J., 2001: Special Forest Products Species Information Guide for the Pacific North West, PNW-GTR-513. 169. Pages.
  • Vantomme, P., 2001: FAO’s Non-wood Forest Products Programme, Seminar Proceedings of Harvesting of Non-wood Forest Products, 2-8 October 2000. Izmir.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section REVIEW ARTICLE
Authors

Kenan Ok 0000-0002-0292-6152

Yusuf Ziya Tengiz 0000-0003-4695-1912

Publication Date June 15, 2018
Submission Date October 8, 2017
Acceptance Date December 5, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2018Volume: 21 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Ok, K., & Tengiz, Y. Z. (2018). Türkiye’de Odun Dışı Orman Ürünlerinin Yönetimi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 21(3), 457-471. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksudobil.342303


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