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Evaluation of the Histopathological Changes Accompanied for the Toxic Effects of Diazinon on the Spleen of Mice

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 5, 1099 - 1107, 31.10.2023

Esra Akat Ozlem Cakici

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1096018

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the histopathological changes caused by diazinon in the spleen of Swiss albino mice. Experimental groups containing low dose (30 mg/kg), medium dose (60 mg/kg) and high dose (120 mg/kg) were exposed to diazinon through oral administration for 30 consecutive days. Separation and hemorrhage in the capsule, congestion, enlarged white pulp, amyloid formation, and karyolysis in some megakaryocytes were determined in the splenic parenchyma of the low dose group. An increase in the number of enlarged white pulps, hemorrhage within splenic parenchyma, accumulation of cells into dilated sinusoids and amyloid formation were examined in the medium dose group. Some cells passing from the splenic parenchyma into dilated sinusoids were also observed. Intensive congestion, necrotic areas within spleen tissue, an increase in the number of karyolytic megakaryocytes, fibrosis and some cells passing from the splenic parenchyma into enlarged sinusoids were prominent histological lesions in the high dose group. These results showed that diazinon caused severe dose-related histopathological damages and had the capacity to disrupt functions of the spleen.

Keywords

Mice Spleen Diazinon Histopathology Megakaryocyte

References

  • Aggarwal, V., Deng, X., Tuli, A., & Goh, K.S. (2013). Diazinon-chemistry and environmental fate: a California perspective. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 223, 107-140. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5577-6_5
  • Ahmed, W.M., Moselhy, W.A., & Nabil, T.M. (2015). Bisphenol A toxicity in adult male rats: hematological, biochemical and histopathological approach. Global Veterinaria 14(2), 228-238.
  • Burgess, P., Harper, C., Todd, G.D., & Wohlers, D. (2008). Toxicological profile for diazinon. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofles/tp86.pdf. (Alınma Tarihi: 20.02.2021)
  • Carvalho, F.P. (2006). Agriculture, pesticides, food security and food safety. Environmental Science & Policy 9(7-8), 685-692. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.envsci.2006.08.002
  • Čolović, M., Krstić, D., Petrović, S., Leskovac, A., Joksic, G., Savic, J., Franko, M., Trebse, P., & Vasic, V. (2010). Toxic effects of diazinon and its photodegradation products. Toxicology Letters 193(1), 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet. 2009.11.022
  • Çakıcı, Ö. & Akat, E. (2013). Effects of oral exposure to diazinon on mice liver and kidney tissues: biometric analyses of histopathologic changes. Analytical and Quantitative Cytology and Histology 35(1), 7-16.
  • Çakıcı, Ö. (2018). Histopathological analysis of carbaryl-induced toxicity in the spleen of Levantine frog, Pelophylax bedriagae (Anura: Ranidae). Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25(25), 24917-24922. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11356-018-2538-5
  • Danaei, G.H., Memar, B., Ataee, R., & Karami, M. (2019). Protective effect of thymoquinone, the main component of Nigella sativa, against diazinon cardio-toxicity in rats. Drug and Chemical Toxicology 42(6), 585-591. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 01480545.2018.1454459
  • Dkhil, M.A. (2009). Apoptotic changes induced in mice splenic tissue due to malaria infection. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection 42, 13-18.
  • Egeghy, P.P., Cohen Hubal, E.A., Tulve, N.S., Melnyk, L.J., Morgan, M.K., Fortmann, R.C., & Sheldon, L.S. (2011). Review of pesticide urinary biomarker measurements from selected US EPA children’s observational exposure studies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 8, 1727-1754. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8051727
  • El-Bendary, H.M., Shaker, M.H., Saleh, A.A., Negm, S., Khadey, M.E., & Eldeen, F.A. (2014). Histopathological changes associated with exposure of male mice to profenofos and chlorpyrifos. Annual Research & Review in Biology 4(5), 766-777. https://doi.org/10.9734/ARRB/ 2014/ 4924
  • Elmore, S.A. (2006). Enhanced histopathology of the spleen. Toxicologic Pathology 34(5), 648-655. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926230600865523
  • Guyton, K.Z., Loomis, D., Grosse, Y., El-Ghiassi, F., Benbrahim-Tallaa, L., Guha, N., Scoccianti, C., Mattock, H., & Straif, K. (2015). Carcinogenicity of tetrachlorvinphos, parathion, malathion, diazinon, and glyphosate. The Lancet Oncology 114(2), 70134-70138. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70134-8
  • Grover, P., Danadevi, K., Mahboob, M., Rozati, R., Banu, B.S., & Rahman, M.F. (2003). Evaluation of genetic damage in workers employed in pesticide production utilizing the Comet assay. Mutagenesis 18, 201-205. https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/ 18.2.201
  • Handy, R.D., Abd-El Samei, H.A., & Bayomy, M.F.F. (2002). Chronic diazinon exposure: pathologies of spleen, thymus, blood cells, and lymph nodesare modulated by dietary protein or lipid in the mouse. Toxicology 172, 13-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0300-483X(01)00575-3
  • Hernández-Moreno, D., Míguez, M.P., Soler, F., & Perez-Lopez, M. (2018). Influence of sex on biomarkers of oxidative stress in the kidney, lungs, and liver of rabbits after exposure to diazinon. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25(32), 32458-32465. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11356-018-3258-6
  • Hooper, M.J., Mineau, P., Zaccagnini, M. E., & Woodbridge, B. (2002). Pesticides and international migratory bird conservation. In Handbook of ecotoxicology. CRC Press (pp. 761-778).
  • Jafari, F., Samadi, S., Nowroozi, A., Sadrjavadi, K., Moradi, S., Ashrafi-Khooshk, M.R., & Shahlaei, M. (2018). Experimental and computational studies on the binding of diazinon to human serum albumin. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics 36(6), 1490-1510. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/07391102.2017.1329096
  • Kouloumbos, V.N., Tsipi, D.F., Hiskia, A.E., Nikolic, D., & van Breemen, R.B. (2003). Identification of photocatalytic degradation products of diazinon in TiO2 aqueous suspensions using GC/MS/MS and LC/MS with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 14(8), 803-817. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S1044-0305(03)00333-7
  • Krieger, R. (2010). Hayes' handbook of pesticide toxicology. Academic press 1435-1478.
  • Lovat, F., Fassan, M., Gasparini, P, Rizzotto, L., Cascione, L., Pizzi, M., Vicentini, C., Balatti, V., Palmieri, D., Costinean, S., Croce, C.M. (2015). miR-15b/16-2 deletion promotes B-cell malignancies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112(37), 11636-11641. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1514954112
  • Marete, G.M., Shikuku, V.O., Lalah, J.O., Mputhia, J., & Wekesa, V.W. (2020). Occurrence of pesticides residues in French beans, tomatoes, and kale in Kenya, and their human health risk indicators. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 192(11), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10661-020-08662-y
  • Mebius, R.E. & Kraal, G. (2005). Structure and function of the spleen. Nature Reviews Immunology 5(8), 606-616. https://doi.org/10.1038/ nri1669
  • Mescher, A.L. (2016). Junqueira's basic histology: text and atlas. United States: Mcgrawhill 560 p. Mohany, M., Badr, G., Refaat, I., & El-Feki, M. (2011). Immunological and histological effects of exposure to imidacloprid insecticide in male albino rats. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 5(18), 2106-2114. https://doi.org/ 10.5897/AJPP11.625
  • Monteiro, M., Quintaneiro, C., Pastorinho, M., Pereira, M.L., Morgado, F., Guilhermino, L., & Soares, A.M.V.M. (2006). Acute effects of 3, 4- dichloroaniline on biomarkers and spleen histology of the common goby Pomatoschistus microps. Chemosphere 62(8), 1333-1339. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.07.038
  • Neishabouri, Z.E., Hassan, Z.M., Azizi, E., & Ostad, S.N. (2007). Evaluation of immunotoxicity induced by diazinon in C57bl/6 mice. Toxicology 196, 173-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2003.08.012
  • Öğütçü, A., Uzunhisarcikli, M., Kalender, S., & Durak, D. (2006). The effects of organophosphate insecticide diazinon on malondialdehyde levels and myocardial cells in rat heart tissue and protective role of vitamin E. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 86, 93-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.pestbp.2006.01.010
  • Queyrel, W., Habets, F., Blanchoud, H., Ripoche, D., & Launay, M. (2016). Pesticide fate modeling in soils with the crop model STICS: Feasibility for assessment of agricultural practices. Science of The Total Environment 542, 787-802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.066
  • Palis, J. & Yoder, M.C. (2001). Yolk-sac hematopoiesis: the first blood cells of mouse and man. Experimental Hematology 29(8), 927-936. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-472X(01)00669-5
  • Podder, S., Chattopadhyay, A., Bhattacharya, S., & Ranjan, M. (2010). Histopathology and cell cycle alteration in the spleen of mice from low and high doses of sodium fluoride. Fluoride 43(4), 237-245.
  • Pundir, C.S. & Malik, A. (2019). Bio-sensing of organophosphorus pesticides: A review. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 140, 111348. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111348
  • Razavi, B.M., Hosseinzadeh, H., Movassaghi, A.R., Imenshadidi, M., & Abnous, K. (2013). Protective effect of crocin on diazinon induced cardiotoxicity in rats in subchronic exposure. Chemico-Biological Interactions 203(3), 547-555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2013.03.010
  • Sams, C., Cocker, J., & Lennard, M.S. (2004). Biotransformation of chlorpyrifos and diazinon by human liver microsomes and recombinant human cytochrome P450s (CYP). Xenobiotica, 34(10), 861-873. https://doi.org/10.1080/00498250400017273
  • Sieff, C.A. & Williams, D.A. (1995). Hematopoiesis. In: Handin RI, Stossel TP, Lux SE, editors. Blood:principles and practice of haematology. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Company, 171-224.
  • Tavassoli, M. (1991). Embryonic and fetal hemopoiesis: an overview. Blood Cells 17(2), 269-281.
  • Timbrell, J. (2001). Introduction to toxicology. CRC Press, 115 p.
  • Oprea, A.E., Pandel, L.M., Dumitrescu, A.M., Andronescu, E., Grumezescu, V., Chifiriuc, M.C., Mogoantă, L., Bălşeanu, T.A., Mogoşanu, G.D., Socol, G., Grumezescu, A.M., Iordache, F., Maniu, H., Chirea, M., & Holban, A.M. (2016). Bioactive ZnO coatings deposited by maple—An appropriate strategy to produce efficient anti-biofilm surfaces. Molecules 21(2), 220. https://doi.org/10.3390/ molecules21020220
  • Zhang,Y., Zhang, W., Liao, X., Zhang, J., Hou, Y., Xiaou, Z., Chen, F., & Hu, X. (2010). Degradation of diazinon in apple juice by ultrasonic treatment. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 17(4), 662-668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2009.11.007
  • Zeinali, M., Shafaei, A., Rafatpanah, H., Mosavat, A., Tayebi-Meybodi, N., Hossainzadeh, H., & Rezaee, S.A. (2022). Potential protective efects of chrysin against immunotoxicity induced by diazinon. Scientific Reports 12, 15578. https://doi.org/10. 1038/ s41598-022-20010-3
  • Zon, L.I. (1995). Developmental biology of hematopoiesis. Blood 86(8), 2876-2891. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V86.8.2876.2876

Diazinonun Farelerin Dalağı Üzerindeki Toksik Etkilerine Eşlik Eden Histopatolojik Değişikliklerin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 5, 1099 - 1107, 31.10.2023

Esra Akat Ozlem Cakici

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1096018

Abstract

Bu çalışma, diazinonun İsviçre albino farelerinin dalağında oluşturduğu histopatolojik değişiklikleri belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Düşük doz (30 mg/kg), orta doz (60 mg/kg) ve yüksek doz (120 mg/kg) içeren deney grupları, ardışık 30 gün boyunca oral yoldan diazinona maruz bırakıldı. Düşük doz grubunun dalak parankiminde kapsülde ayrılma ve kanama, tıkanıklık, beyaz pulpa büyümesi, amiloid oluşumu ve bazı megakaryositlerde karyoliz tespit edildi. Orta doz grubunda genişlemiş beyaz pulpa sayısında artış, dalak parankiminde kanama, hücrelerin genişlemiş sinüzoidlerde birikmesi ve amiloid oluşumu incelendi. Dalak parankiminden dilate sinüzoidlere geçen bazı hücreler de gözlendi. Yoğun konjesyon, dalak dokusunda nekrotik alanlar, karyolitik megakaryosit sayısında artış, fibrozis ve dalak parankiminden büyümüş sinüzoidlere geçen bazı hücreler yüksek doz grubundaki belirgin histolojik lezyonlardı. Bu sonuçlar diazinonun doza bağlı ciddi histopatolojik hasarlara neden olduğunu ve dalağın fonksiyonlarını bozma kapasitesine sahip olduğunu gösterdi.

Keywords

Fareler Dalak Diazinon Histopatoloji Megakaryosit

References

  • Aggarwal, V., Deng, X., Tuli, A., & Goh, K.S. (2013). Diazinon-chemistry and environmental fate: a California perspective. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 223, 107-140. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5577-6_5
  • Ahmed, W.M., Moselhy, W.A., & Nabil, T.M. (2015). Bisphenol A toxicity in adult male rats: hematological, biochemical and histopathological approach. Global Veterinaria 14(2), 228-238.
  • Burgess, P., Harper, C., Todd, G.D., & Wohlers, D. (2008). Toxicological profile for diazinon. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofles/tp86.pdf. (Alınma Tarihi: 20.02.2021)
  • Carvalho, F.P. (2006). Agriculture, pesticides, food security and food safety. Environmental Science & Policy 9(7-8), 685-692. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.envsci.2006.08.002
  • Čolović, M., Krstić, D., Petrović, S., Leskovac, A., Joksic, G., Savic, J., Franko, M., Trebse, P., & Vasic, V. (2010). Toxic effects of diazinon and its photodegradation products. Toxicology Letters 193(1), 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet. 2009.11.022
  • Çakıcı, Ö. & Akat, E. (2013). Effects of oral exposure to diazinon on mice liver and kidney tissues: biometric analyses of histopathologic changes. Analytical and Quantitative Cytology and Histology 35(1), 7-16.
  • Çakıcı, Ö. (2018). Histopathological analysis of carbaryl-induced toxicity in the spleen of Levantine frog, Pelophylax bedriagae (Anura: Ranidae). Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25(25), 24917-24922. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11356-018-2538-5
  • Danaei, G.H., Memar, B., Ataee, R., & Karami, M. (2019). Protective effect of thymoquinone, the main component of Nigella sativa, against diazinon cardio-toxicity in rats. Drug and Chemical Toxicology 42(6), 585-591. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 01480545.2018.1454459
  • Dkhil, M.A. (2009). Apoptotic changes induced in mice splenic tissue due to malaria infection. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection 42, 13-18.
  • Egeghy, P.P., Cohen Hubal, E.A., Tulve, N.S., Melnyk, L.J., Morgan, M.K., Fortmann, R.C., & Sheldon, L.S. (2011). Review of pesticide urinary biomarker measurements from selected US EPA children’s observational exposure studies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 8, 1727-1754. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8051727
  • El-Bendary, H.M., Shaker, M.H., Saleh, A.A., Negm, S., Khadey, M.E., & Eldeen, F.A. (2014). Histopathological changes associated with exposure of male mice to profenofos and chlorpyrifos. Annual Research & Review in Biology 4(5), 766-777. https://doi.org/10.9734/ARRB/ 2014/ 4924
  • Elmore, S.A. (2006). Enhanced histopathology of the spleen. Toxicologic Pathology 34(5), 648-655. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926230600865523
  • Guyton, K.Z., Loomis, D., Grosse, Y., El-Ghiassi, F., Benbrahim-Tallaa, L., Guha, N., Scoccianti, C., Mattock, H., & Straif, K. (2015). Carcinogenicity of tetrachlorvinphos, parathion, malathion, diazinon, and glyphosate. The Lancet Oncology 114(2), 70134-70138. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70134-8
  • Grover, P., Danadevi, K., Mahboob, M., Rozati, R., Banu, B.S., & Rahman, M.F. (2003). Evaluation of genetic damage in workers employed in pesticide production utilizing the Comet assay. Mutagenesis 18, 201-205. https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/ 18.2.201
  • Handy, R.D., Abd-El Samei, H.A., & Bayomy, M.F.F. (2002). Chronic diazinon exposure: pathologies of spleen, thymus, blood cells, and lymph nodesare modulated by dietary protein or lipid in the mouse. Toxicology 172, 13-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0300-483X(01)00575-3
  • Hernández-Moreno, D., Míguez, M.P., Soler, F., & Perez-Lopez, M. (2018). Influence of sex on biomarkers of oxidative stress in the kidney, lungs, and liver of rabbits after exposure to diazinon. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25(32), 32458-32465. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11356-018-3258-6
  • Hooper, M.J., Mineau, P., Zaccagnini, M. E., & Woodbridge, B. (2002). Pesticides and international migratory bird conservation. In Handbook of ecotoxicology. CRC Press (pp. 761-778).
  • Jafari, F., Samadi, S., Nowroozi, A., Sadrjavadi, K., Moradi, S., Ashrafi-Khooshk, M.R., & Shahlaei, M. (2018). Experimental and computational studies on the binding of diazinon to human serum albumin. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics 36(6), 1490-1510. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/07391102.2017.1329096
  • Kouloumbos, V.N., Tsipi, D.F., Hiskia, A.E., Nikolic, D., & van Breemen, R.B. (2003). Identification of photocatalytic degradation products of diazinon in TiO2 aqueous suspensions using GC/MS/MS and LC/MS with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 14(8), 803-817. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S1044-0305(03)00333-7
  • Krieger, R. (2010). Hayes' handbook of pesticide toxicology. Academic press 1435-1478.
  • Lovat, F., Fassan, M., Gasparini, P, Rizzotto, L., Cascione, L., Pizzi, M., Vicentini, C., Balatti, V., Palmieri, D., Costinean, S., Croce, C.M. (2015). miR-15b/16-2 deletion promotes B-cell malignancies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112(37), 11636-11641. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1514954112
  • Marete, G.M., Shikuku, V.O., Lalah, J.O., Mputhia, J., & Wekesa, V.W. (2020). Occurrence of pesticides residues in French beans, tomatoes, and kale in Kenya, and their human health risk indicators. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 192(11), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10661-020-08662-y
  • Mebius, R.E. & Kraal, G. (2005). Structure and function of the spleen. Nature Reviews Immunology 5(8), 606-616. https://doi.org/10.1038/ nri1669
  • Mescher, A.L. (2016). Junqueira's basic histology: text and atlas. United States: Mcgrawhill 560 p. Mohany, M., Badr, G., Refaat, I., & El-Feki, M. (2011). Immunological and histological effects of exposure to imidacloprid insecticide in male albino rats. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 5(18), 2106-2114. https://doi.org/ 10.5897/AJPP11.625
  • Monteiro, M., Quintaneiro, C., Pastorinho, M., Pereira, M.L., Morgado, F., Guilhermino, L., & Soares, A.M.V.M. (2006). Acute effects of 3, 4- dichloroaniline on biomarkers and spleen histology of the common goby Pomatoschistus microps. Chemosphere 62(8), 1333-1339. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.07.038
  • Neishabouri, Z.E., Hassan, Z.M., Azizi, E., & Ostad, S.N. (2007). Evaluation of immunotoxicity induced by diazinon in C57bl/6 mice. Toxicology 196, 173-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2003.08.012
  • Öğütçü, A., Uzunhisarcikli, M., Kalender, S., & Durak, D. (2006). The effects of organophosphate insecticide diazinon on malondialdehyde levels and myocardial cells in rat heart tissue and protective role of vitamin E. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 86, 93-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.pestbp.2006.01.010
  • Queyrel, W., Habets, F., Blanchoud, H., Ripoche, D., & Launay, M. (2016). Pesticide fate modeling in soils with the crop model STICS: Feasibility for assessment of agricultural practices. Science of The Total Environment 542, 787-802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.066
  • Palis, J. & Yoder, M.C. (2001). Yolk-sac hematopoiesis: the first blood cells of mouse and man. Experimental Hematology 29(8), 927-936. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-472X(01)00669-5
  • Podder, S., Chattopadhyay, A., Bhattacharya, S., & Ranjan, M. (2010). Histopathology and cell cycle alteration in the spleen of mice from low and high doses of sodium fluoride. Fluoride 43(4), 237-245.
  • Pundir, C.S. & Malik, A. (2019). Bio-sensing of organophosphorus pesticides: A review. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 140, 111348. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111348
  • Razavi, B.M., Hosseinzadeh, H., Movassaghi, A.R., Imenshadidi, M., & Abnous, K. (2013). Protective effect of crocin on diazinon induced cardiotoxicity in rats in subchronic exposure. Chemico-Biological Interactions 203(3), 547-555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2013.03.010
  • Sams, C., Cocker, J., & Lennard, M.S. (2004). Biotransformation of chlorpyrifos and diazinon by human liver microsomes and recombinant human cytochrome P450s (CYP). Xenobiotica, 34(10), 861-873. https://doi.org/10.1080/00498250400017273
  • Sieff, C.A. & Williams, D.A. (1995). Hematopoiesis. In: Handin RI, Stossel TP, Lux SE, editors. Blood:principles and practice of haematology. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Company, 171-224.
  • Tavassoli, M. (1991). Embryonic and fetal hemopoiesis: an overview. Blood Cells 17(2), 269-281.
  • Timbrell, J. (2001). Introduction to toxicology. CRC Press, 115 p.
  • Oprea, A.E., Pandel, L.M., Dumitrescu, A.M., Andronescu, E., Grumezescu, V., Chifiriuc, M.C., Mogoantă, L., Bălşeanu, T.A., Mogoşanu, G.D., Socol, G., Grumezescu, A.M., Iordache, F., Maniu, H., Chirea, M., & Holban, A.M. (2016). Bioactive ZnO coatings deposited by maple—An appropriate strategy to produce efficient anti-biofilm surfaces. Molecules 21(2), 220. https://doi.org/10.3390/ molecules21020220
  • Zhang,Y., Zhang, W., Liao, X., Zhang, J., Hou, Y., Xiaou, Z., Chen, F., & Hu, X. (2010). Degradation of diazinon in apple juice by ultrasonic treatment. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 17(4), 662-668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2009.11.007
  • Zeinali, M., Shafaei, A., Rafatpanah, H., Mosavat, A., Tayebi-Meybodi, N., Hossainzadeh, H., & Rezaee, S.A. (2022). Potential protective efects of chrysin against immunotoxicity induced by diazinon. Scientific Reports 12, 15578. https://doi.org/10. 1038/ s41598-022-20010-3
  • Zon, L.I. (1995). Developmental biology of hematopoiesis. Blood 86(8), 2876-2891. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V86.8.2876.2876
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

Esra Akat 0000-0001-7080-3106

Ozlem Cakici 0000-0003-3589-1440

Early Pub Date May 27, 2023
Publication Date October 31, 2023
Submission Date March 30, 2022
Acceptance Date March 14, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023Volume: 26 Issue: 5

Cite

APA Akat, E., & Cakici, O. (2023). Evaluation of the Histopathological Changes Accompanied for the Toxic Effects of Diazinon on the Spleen of Mice. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 26(5), 1099-1107. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1096018
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