Research Article
Yetişkin Bireylerde Diyet Karbon Ayak İzinin Sürdürülebilir Bir Diyet Belirteci Olarak Değerlendirilmesi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, diyetin karbon ayak izi-sera gazı emisyonuna katkısını değerlendirmek amaçlandı. Araştırmanın verileri, sosyo-demografik bilgiler, antropometrik ölçümler, Üç Faktörlü Yeme Anketi-21 ve 24 saatlik geriye dönük besin tüketim kaydını içeren bir anket aracılığıyla toplandı. Bu kesitsel çalışma, 18-64 yaş aralığındaki 619 yetişkin (E = 266 (%43.0), K=353 (%57.0)) ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toplam diyet karbon ayak izi değeri kişi başına günlük 3.84±0.1 kg CO2-eq ve 1.000 kcal başına 2.10±1.2 kg CO2-eq olarak belirlenmiştir. Et ve süt ürünleri gruplarının karbon ayak izine en büyük katkıyı sağladığı belirlenmiştir (sırasıyla %34.8 ve %18.9). Kontrolsüz Yeme puanları, karbon ayak izi (CO2-eq kg-1) en yüksek kantil (Q5) grubunda daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p = 0.048). Çoklu regresyon modeline göre Kontrolsüz Yeme puanları artan karbon ayak izi ile ilişkili bulunmuştur (ß = 0.122, p = 0.006). Yüksek karbon ayak izi grubunda diyetle protein alımı daha yüksek (sırasıyla 43.30±0.8 g gün-1, 29.0±0.7 g/gün, p=0.048) iken düşük karbon ayak izi grubunda karbonhidrat alımı daha yüksektir (103.75±3.7 g gün-1, 85.86±3.4 g gün-1, p<0.001). Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, diyet modelinin ve yeme davranışının karbon ayak izine katkısı konusunda önemli veriler sunmakta ve ayrıca sağlıklı beslenme önerilerine paralel olarak sürdürülebilir beslenme önerilerinin geliştirilmesinin önemine dikkat çekmektedir.
References
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- Aydın Eryılmaz, G. & Kılıç, O. (2018). Türkiye’de Sürdürülebilir Tarım ve İyi Tarım Uygulamaları. KSÜ Tarim ve Doğa Dergisi, 21 (4), 624-631.
- BeBis Nutrition Information System 9.0. Entwickelt an der Universital Hohenheim, Stuttgart.
- Binns, C.W., Lee, M.K., Maycock, B., Torheim, L.E., Nanishi, K.& Duong, D.T.T. (2021). Climate Change, Food Supply, and Dietary Guidelines. Annual Review of Public Health, 42, 233-255.
- Cecchini, M. & Warin, L. (2016). Impact of food labelling systems on food choices and eating behaviours: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized studies. Obesity Review, 17, 201-10.
- Cornelis, M.C., Rimm, E.B., Curhan, G.C., Kraft, P., Hunter, D.J., Hu, F.B. & van Dam, R.M. (2014). Obesity susceptibility loci and uncontrolled eating, emotional eating and cognitive restraint behaviors in men and women. Obesity, 22 (5), E135-41.
- Cuenca-Sanchez, M., Navas-Carrillo, D. & Orenes-Pinero, E. (2015). Controversies surrounding high-protein diet intake: satiating effect and kidney and bone health. Advances in Nutrition, 6 (3), 260-6.
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- De Lauzon, B., Romon, M., Deschamps, V., Lafay, L., Borys, J.M., Karlsson, J., Ducimetiere, P. & Charles, M.A. Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Sante (FLVS) Study Group (2004). The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 is able to distinguish among different eating patterns in a general population. The Journal of Nutrition, 134(9), 2372-2380.
- Dressler, H. & Smith, C. (2013). Food choice, eating behavior, and food liking differs between lean/normal and overweight/obese, low-income women. Appetite, 65, 145-52.
- Drewnowski, A., Rehm, C.D., Martin, A., Verger, E.O., Voinnesson, M. & Imbert, P. (2015). Energy and nutrient density of foods in relation to their carbon footprint. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 101(1), 184-191.
- Engstrom, M., Forsberg, A., Sovik, T.T., Olbers, T., Lonroth, H. & Karlsson, J. (2015). Perception of control over eating after bariatric surgery for super-obesity--a 2-year follow-up study. Obesity Surgery, 25, 1086-1093.
- FAO I, UNICEF, WFP & WHO. (2020). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020. Transforming food systems for affordable healthy diets. Rome, FAO.
- Gonzalez-Garcia, S., Esteve-Llorens, X., Moreira, M.T. & Feijoo, G. (2018). Carbon footprint and nutritional quality of different human dietary choices. Science of the Total Environment, 644, 77-94.
- Heller, M.C., Willits-Smith, A., Meyer, R., Keoleian, G.A. & Rose, D. (2018). Greenhouse gas emissions and energy use associated with production of individual self-selected US diets. Environmental Research Letters, 13(4), 044004.
- Hjorth, T., Huseinovic, E., Hallstrom, E., Strid, A., Johansson, I., Lindahl, B., Sonesson, U. & Winkvist, A. (2020). Changes in dietary carbon footprint over ten years relative to individual characteristics and food intake in the Vasterbotten Intervention Programme. Scientific reports, 10 (1), 20.
- Huseinovic, E., Ohlin, M., Winkvist, A., Bertz, F., Sonesson, U. & Brekke, H.K. (2017). Does diet intervention in line with nutrition recommendations affect dietary carbon footprint? Results from a weight loss trial among lactating women. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 71 (10), 1241-1245.
- Ilhan, A., Yenicag, R., Yalcin Pehlivan, E., Ozturk, E., Karahan, S., & Rakıcıoğlu, N. (2023). Greenhouse Gas Emission and Water Footprint of the National Diet in Turkey: Results from Turkey Nutrition and Health Survey 2017. Sustainability, 15 (12), 9768.
- Karakus, S., Yildirim, H. & Buyukozturk, S. (2016). Adaptation of three factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ-R21) into Turkish culture: A validity and reliability study. AF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 15, 229-37.
- Kause, A., Bruine de Bruin, W., Millward-Hopkins, J. & Olsson, H. (2019). Public perceptions of how to reduce carbon footprints of consumer food choices. Environmental Research Letters, 14(11), 114005.
- Kemaloglu, M., Öner, N. & Soylu, M. (2023). Environmental impacts and diet quality of popular diet models compared to Turkey's national nutrition guidelines. Nutrition & Dietetics, 80(2), 183-191.
- Kıraç, D., Kaspar, E.Ç., Avcılar, T., Çakır, Ö.K., Ulucan, K. & Kurtel, H. (2015). Obeziteyle ilişkili beslenme alışkanlıklarının araştırılmasında yeni bir yöntem “Üç faktörlü beslenme anketi”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 5(3), 162-169.
- Koksal, E., Macit, M.S., Bilici, S. & Karabudak, E. (2021). Do sociodemographic factors and anthropometric measurements affect eating behavior patterns? Nutrition & Food Science, 51(8), 1224-1235.
- Kruger, R., De Bray, J.G., Beck, K.L., Conlon, C.A. & Stonehouse, W. (2016). Exploring the Relationship between Body Composition and Eating Behavior Using the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) in Young New Zealand Women. Nutrients, 8(7), 386.
- Laine, J. E., Huybrechts, I., Gunter, M. J., Ferrari, P., Weiderpass, E., Tsilidis, K., ... & Vineis, P. (2021). Co-benefits from sustainable dietary shifts for population and environmental health: an assessment from a large European cohort study. The Lancet Planetary Health, 5(11), e786-e796.
- Lohman, T.G., Roche, A.F. & Martorell, R. (1988). Anthropometric standardization reference manual. Human Kinetics Books, Chicago.
- Nagata, J.M., Garber, A.K., Tabler, J.L., Murray, S.B. & Bibbins-Domingo, K. (2018). Prevalence and Correlates of Disordered Eating Behaviors Among Young Adults with Overweight or Obesity. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 33, 1337-1343.
- Robinson, E., Thomas, J., Aveyard, P. & Higgs, S. (2014). What everyone else is eating: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of informational eating norms on eating behavior. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 114 (3), 414-429.
- Rose, D., Heller, M.C., Willits-Smith, A.M. & Meyer, R.J. (2019). Carbon footprint of self-selected US diets: nutritional, demographic, and behavioral correlates. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 109(3), 526-534.
- Scully, M., Wakefield, M., Niven, P., Chapman, K., Crawford, D., Pratt, I.S., Baur, L.A., Flood, V., Morley, B & NaSST (2012). Association between food marketing exposure and adolescents' food choices and eating behaviors. Appetite, 58 (1), 1-5.
- Segura-Garcia, C., De Fazio, P., Sinopoli, F., De Masi, R. & Brambilla, F. (2014). Food choice in disorders of eating behavior: correlations with the psychopathological aspects of the diseases. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55 (5), 1203-1211.
- Smith, P., Bustamante, M., Ahammad, H., Clark, H., Dong, H., EElsiddig, E.A., Haberl, H., Harper, R., House, J. & Jafari, M. (2014). Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU). In: Climate Change 2014. Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
- Telleria-Aramburu, N. & Arroyo-Izaga, M. (2022). Risk factors of overweight/obesity-related lifestyles in university students: Results from the EHU12/24 study. British Journal of Nutrition, 127 (6), 914-926.
- Temme, E.H., Toxopeus, I.B., Kramer, G.F., Brosens, M.C., Drijvers, J.M., Tyszler, M. & Ocke, M.C. (2015). Greenhouse gas emission of diets in the Netherlands and associations with food, energy and macronutrient intakes. Public Health Nutrition 18 (13), 2433-45.
- TUBER (2022). Turkısh Ministry of Health. Turkey Dietary Guideline (TUBER) 2022 [Internet]. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-hareketli-hayat-db/Yayinlar/rehberler/ 2015- beslenme -rehberi.pdf. (Alınma Tarihi: 19.10.2023).
- Vilaro, M., Barnett, T., Mathews, A., Pomeranz, J. & Curbow, B. (2016) Income differences in social control of eating behaviors and food choice priorities among southern rural women in the US: A qualitative study. Appetite 107, 604-612.
- WHO (2000). World Health Organization (WHO). Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organization technical report series 894:i-xii, 1-253.
- Willits-Smith, A., Aranda, R., Heller, M.C. & Rose, D. (2020). Addressing the carbon footprint, healthfulness, and costs of self-selected diets in the USA: a population-based cross-sectional study. The Lancet Planetary Health, 4 (3), e98-e106
Evaluation of the Dietary Carbon Footprint as a Sustainable Diet Marker in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
This study planned to investigate the characteristics of the diet and its contribution to the carbon footprint-the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Data were collected through face-to-face interview methods via a questionnaire including socio-demographic information, anthropometric measurements, the Three-Factor Eating Questionarre-21, and 24-hour recall food consumption record. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 619 adults (M = 266 (43.0%), F = 353 (%57.0)) aged 18-64 years. The carbon footprint value of the overall diet was 3.84 ± 0.1 kg CO2-eq per person per day and 2.10 ± 1.2 kg CO2-eq per 1,000 kcal per day. Meat and dairy groups are the major contributors to carbon footprint (34.8%, and 18.9%, respectively). Uncontrolled eating scores were higher in the highest quantile (Q5) group for the carbon footprint (CO2-eq kg-1) group (p = 0.048), and according to the multiple regression model, uncontrolled eating scores significantly affecting the increase of carbon footprint (ß = 0.122, p = 0.006). While high carbon footprint groups have higher dietary protein intake (43.30±0.8 g per day, 29.0±0.7 g per day, respectively, p = 0.048), low carbon footprint groups have higher carbohydrate intake (103.75±3.7 g per day, 85.86±3.4 g per day, respectively, p <0.001). The results of this study provide important knowledge on the contribution of diet patterns and eating behaviour to the carbon footprint and draw attention to the importance of developing sustainable nutrition recommendations in parallel with healthy nutrition recommendations.
Ethical Statement
Ethical approval: This research involved human participants. Ethical permission was obtained from the Erzurum Technical University Ethics Committee. The study was conducted according to the rules delineated in the Helsinki Declaration. Participants were given information about the study and asked to confirm that they would be willing to volunteer.
References
- Auclair, O. & Burgos, S.A. (2021). Carbon footprint of Canadian self-selected diets: Comparing intake of foods, nutrients, and diet quality between low- and high-greenhouse gas emission diets. Journal of Cleaner Production, 316, 128245.
- Aydın Eryılmaz, G. & Kılıç, O. (2018). Türkiye’de Sürdürülebilir Tarım ve İyi Tarım Uygulamaları. KSÜ Tarim ve Doğa Dergisi, 21 (4), 624-631.
- BeBis Nutrition Information System 9.0. Entwickelt an der Universital Hohenheim, Stuttgart.
- Binns, C.W., Lee, M.K., Maycock, B., Torheim, L.E., Nanishi, K.& Duong, D.T.T. (2021). Climate Change, Food Supply, and Dietary Guidelines. Annual Review of Public Health, 42, 233-255.
- Cecchini, M. & Warin, L. (2016). Impact of food labelling systems on food choices and eating behaviours: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized studies. Obesity Review, 17, 201-10.
- Cornelis, M.C., Rimm, E.B., Curhan, G.C., Kraft, P., Hunter, D.J., Hu, F.B. & van Dam, R.M. (2014). Obesity susceptibility loci and uncontrolled eating, emotional eating and cognitive restraint behaviors in men and women. Obesity, 22 (5), E135-41.
- Cuenca-Sanchez, M., Navas-Carrillo, D. & Orenes-Pinero, E. (2015). Controversies surrounding high-protein diet intake: satiating effect and kidney and bone health. Advances in Nutrition, 6 (3), 260-6.
- DataField DataField. version 1.0; obtained online from https://css.umich.edu/page/datafield. (Alınma Tarihi: 20.11.2022).
- De Lauzon, B., Romon, M., Deschamps, V., Lafay, L., Borys, J.M., Karlsson, J., Ducimetiere, P. & Charles, M.A. Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Sante (FLVS) Study Group (2004). The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 is able to distinguish among different eating patterns in a general population. The Journal of Nutrition, 134(9), 2372-2380.
- Dressler, H. & Smith, C. (2013). Food choice, eating behavior, and food liking differs between lean/normal and overweight/obese, low-income women. Appetite, 65, 145-52.
- Drewnowski, A., Rehm, C.D., Martin, A., Verger, E.O., Voinnesson, M. & Imbert, P. (2015). Energy and nutrient density of foods in relation to their carbon footprint. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 101(1), 184-191.
- Engstrom, M., Forsberg, A., Sovik, T.T., Olbers, T., Lonroth, H. & Karlsson, J. (2015). Perception of control over eating after bariatric surgery for super-obesity--a 2-year follow-up study. Obesity Surgery, 25, 1086-1093.
- FAO I, UNICEF, WFP & WHO. (2020). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020. Transforming food systems for affordable healthy diets. Rome, FAO.
- Gonzalez-Garcia, S., Esteve-Llorens, X., Moreira, M.T. & Feijoo, G. (2018). Carbon footprint and nutritional quality of different human dietary choices. Science of the Total Environment, 644, 77-94.
- Heller, M.C., Willits-Smith, A., Meyer, R., Keoleian, G.A. & Rose, D. (2018). Greenhouse gas emissions and energy use associated with production of individual self-selected US diets. Environmental Research Letters, 13(4), 044004.
- Hjorth, T., Huseinovic, E., Hallstrom, E., Strid, A., Johansson, I., Lindahl, B., Sonesson, U. & Winkvist, A. (2020). Changes in dietary carbon footprint over ten years relative to individual characteristics and food intake in the Vasterbotten Intervention Programme. Scientific reports, 10 (1), 20.
- Huseinovic, E., Ohlin, M., Winkvist, A., Bertz, F., Sonesson, U. & Brekke, H.K. (2017). Does diet intervention in line with nutrition recommendations affect dietary carbon footprint? Results from a weight loss trial among lactating women. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 71 (10), 1241-1245.
- Ilhan, A., Yenicag, R., Yalcin Pehlivan, E., Ozturk, E., Karahan, S., & Rakıcıoğlu, N. (2023). Greenhouse Gas Emission and Water Footprint of the National Diet in Turkey: Results from Turkey Nutrition and Health Survey 2017. Sustainability, 15 (12), 9768.
- Karakus, S., Yildirim, H. & Buyukozturk, S. (2016). Adaptation of three factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ-R21) into Turkish culture: A validity and reliability study. AF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 15, 229-37.
- Kause, A., Bruine de Bruin, W., Millward-Hopkins, J. & Olsson, H. (2019). Public perceptions of how to reduce carbon footprints of consumer food choices. Environmental Research Letters, 14(11), 114005.
- Kemaloglu, M., Öner, N. & Soylu, M. (2023). Environmental impacts and diet quality of popular diet models compared to Turkey's national nutrition guidelines. Nutrition & Dietetics, 80(2), 183-191.
- Kıraç, D., Kaspar, E.Ç., Avcılar, T., Çakır, Ö.K., Ulucan, K. & Kurtel, H. (2015). Obeziteyle ilişkili beslenme alışkanlıklarının araştırılmasında yeni bir yöntem “Üç faktörlü beslenme anketi”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 5(3), 162-169.
- Koksal, E., Macit, M.S., Bilici, S. & Karabudak, E. (2021). Do sociodemographic factors and anthropometric measurements affect eating behavior patterns? Nutrition & Food Science, 51(8), 1224-1235.
- Kruger, R., De Bray, J.G., Beck, K.L., Conlon, C.A. & Stonehouse, W. (2016). Exploring the Relationship between Body Composition and Eating Behavior Using the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) in Young New Zealand Women. Nutrients, 8(7), 386.
- Laine, J. E., Huybrechts, I., Gunter, M. J., Ferrari, P., Weiderpass, E., Tsilidis, K., ... & Vineis, P. (2021). Co-benefits from sustainable dietary shifts for population and environmental health: an assessment from a large European cohort study. The Lancet Planetary Health, 5(11), e786-e796.
- Lohman, T.G., Roche, A.F. & Martorell, R. (1988). Anthropometric standardization reference manual. Human Kinetics Books, Chicago.
- Nagata, J.M., Garber, A.K., Tabler, J.L., Murray, S.B. & Bibbins-Domingo, K. (2018). Prevalence and Correlates of Disordered Eating Behaviors Among Young Adults with Overweight or Obesity. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 33, 1337-1343.
- Robinson, E., Thomas, J., Aveyard, P. & Higgs, S. (2014). What everyone else is eating: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of informational eating norms on eating behavior. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 114 (3), 414-429.
- Rose, D., Heller, M.C., Willits-Smith, A.M. & Meyer, R.J. (2019). Carbon footprint of self-selected US diets: nutritional, demographic, and behavioral correlates. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 109(3), 526-534.
- Scully, M., Wakefield, M., Niven, P., Chapman, K., Crawford, D., Pratt, I.S., Baur, L.A., Flood, V., Morley, B & NaSST (2012). Association between food marketing exposure and adolescents' food choices and eating behaviors. Appetite, 58 (1), 1-5.
- Segura-Garcia, C., De Fazio, P., Sinopoli, F., De Masi, R. & Brambilla, F. (2014). Food choice in disorders of eating behavior: correlations with the psychopathological aspects of the diseases. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55 (5), 1203-1211.
- Smith, P., Bustamante, M., Ahammad, H., Clark, H., Dong, H., EElsiddig, E.A., Haberl, H., Harper, R., House, J. & Jafari, M. (2014). Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU). In: Climate Change 2014. Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
- Telleria-Aramburu, N. & Arroyo-Izaga, M. (2022). Risk factors of overweight/obesity-related lifestyles in university students: Results from the EHU12/24 study. British Journal of Nutrition, 127 (6), 914-926.
- Temme, E.H., Toxopeus, I.B., Kramer, G.F., Brosens, M.C., Drijvers, J.M., Tyszler, M. & Ocke, M.C. (2015). Greenhouse gas emission of diets in the Netherlands and associations with food, energy and macronutrient intakes. Public Health Nutrition 18 (13), 2433-45.
- TUBER (2022). Turkısh Ministry of Health. Turkey Dietary Guideline (TUBER) 2022 [Internet]. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-hareketli-hayat-db/Yayinlar/rehberler/ 2015- beslenme -rehberi.pdf. (Alınma Tarihi: 19.10.2023).
- Vilaro, M., Barnett, T., Mathews, A., Pomeranz, J. & Curbow, B. (2016) Income differences in social control of eating behaviors and food choice priorities among southern rural women in the US: A qualitative study. Appetite 107, 604-612.
- WHO (2000). World Health Organization (WHO). Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organization technical report series 894:i-xii, 1-253.
- Willits-Smith, A., Aranda, R., Heller, M.C. & Rose, D. (2020). Addressing the carbon footprint, healthfulness, and costs of self-selected diets in the USA: a population-based cross-sectional study. The Lancet Planetary Health, 4 (3), e98-e106
There are 38 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Nutrition and Dietetics (Other) |
| Journal Section | RESEARCH ARTICLE |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | July 2, 2024 |
| Publication Date | |
| Submission Date | December 19, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | April 17, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024Volume: 27 Issue: 5 |
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