Araştırma Makalesi
The Effects of Salt Stress, Nitric Oxide and Hormone Applications on Antioxidant Defense in Sunflower Plant Leaves
Öz
In this study, effects of salt stress, SNP and plant
hormones on acticities of antioxidant system in sunflower (Helianthus annuus
L. cv. Tarsan-1018) leaf tissues were investigated. The study was conducted
in 2016 under controlled climate room conditions. The seeds were irrigated with
culture solution for 5 weeks. At the end of the fifth week, salt, SNP and
hormone applications were applied for 48 hours. At the end of 48-hour samples
were gathered. Superoxide dismutase activity, Catalase activity, Glutathione S
transferase activity and Proline amount were
determined according to Sairam et al. (2002), Aebi (1984), Habig et al. (1974)
and Ninhiydrin method (Troll and Lindsley, 1955), respectively. Results showed
that salt stress and Sodium nitroprusside stimulated antioxidant defense. Plant
hormones had different effects. Abscisic acid had positive effects on
antioxidant defense. Gibberellic acid caused negative effects on enzyme
activities and proline amount.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Antioxidant enzyme Nitric oxide Proline Salt stress Sunflower
Kaynakça
- Aebi H, 1984. Catalase in vitro, Mehods in Enzimology, 105, 121-126.
- Agami RA, Mohamed GF 2013. Exogenous treatment with indole-3-acetic acid and salicylic acid alleviates cadmium toxicity in wheat seedlings. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 94: 164-171.
- Al-Hakimi AMA 2007. Modification of cadmium toxicity in pea seedlings by kinetin. Plant Soil Environ, 53:129-135.
- Al-Karaki GN 2006. Nursery inoculation of tomato with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and subsequent performance under irrigation with saline water. Sci. Hortic, 109: 1-7.
- Arora D, Jain P, Singh N, Kaur H, Bhatla SC 2016. Mechanisms of nitric oxide crosstalk with reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes during abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Free Radic Res, 50: 291–303.
- Asada K 1992. Ascorbate peroxidase—a hydrogen scavenging enzyme in plants, Physiol. Plant, 85: 235–241.
- Boucaud J, Unger IA 1976. Hormonal control of germination under saline conditions of three halophyte taxa in genus Suaeda. Physiol. Plant, 36: 197–200.
- Büyük İ, Saydam Aydın S, Aras S 2012. Bitkilerin Stres Koşullarına Verdiği Moleküler Cevaplar. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg 69(2): 97-110.
- Chakrabarti N, Mukharji S, 2003. Alleviation of NaCl stress by pretreatment of phytohormones in Vigna radiata. Biol. Plant, 46: 589–594.
- Cramer GR, Nowak RS 1992. Supplemental manganese improves the relative growth, net assimilation and photosynthetic rates of salt-stressed barley. Physiologia Plantarum, 84(4): 600-605.
- Davies WJ, Jones HG 1991. Abscisic acid: physiology, biochemistry. BIOS. Scientific Publishers Ltd., Cambridge, UK.
- Dubey RS 1994. Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress. New York: Marcel Dekker, 227.
- El-Beltagi HS, Ahmed OK, Hegazy AE 2016. Protective effect of nitric oxide on high temperature induced oxidative stress in wheat. Not. Sci. Biol, 8: 192.
- El-Monem A, Sharaf AE-MM, Farghal II, Sofy MR 2009. Role of gibberellic acid in abolishing the detrimental effects of Cd and Pb on broad bean and lupin plants. Res J Agric Biol Sci, 5: 6-13.
- Fan H, Guo S, Jiao Y, Zhang R, Li J 2007. Effects of exogenous nitric oxide on growth, active oxygen species metabolism, and photosynthetic characteristics in cucumber seedlings under NaCl stress. Front Agric China, 1: 308–314.
- Flowers TJ 2004. Improving crop salt tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55(396): 307-319.
- Gaspar T, Franck T, Bisbis B, Kevers C, Jouve L, Hausman JF, Dommes J 2002. Concepts in plant stress physiology. Application to plant tissue cultures. Plant Growth Regul, 37: 263–285.
- Habig WH, Pabst MJ, Jakoby WB 1974. Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J Biol Chem, 25;249(22):7130-9.
- Halliwell B 1987. Oxidative damage, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant protection in chloroplasts. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 44: 327–340.
- Hamayun M, Khan SA, Khan AL, Shin JH, Ahmad B, Shin DH, Lee IJ 2010. Exogenous gibberellic acid reprograms soybean to higher growth and salt stress tolerance. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58: 7226–7232.
- Hasanuzzaman M, Gill SS, Fujita M 2013. Physiological role of nitric oxide in plants grown under adverse environmental conditions. In: Tuteja N, Singh Gill S (eds) Plant acclimation to environmental stress. Springer, New York, 269–322
- Hasanuzzaman M, Oku H, Nahar K, Borhannuddin MHM, Al Mahmud J,Baluska F,Fujita M 2018. Nitric oxide-induced salt stress tolerance in plants: ROS metabolism, signaling, and molecular interactions. Plant Biotechnology Reports, 12(2): 77-92.
- Hisamatsu T, Koshioka M, Kubota S, Fujime Y, King RW, Mander LN 2000. The role of gibberellin in the control of growth and flowering in Matthiola incana. Physiolgia Plantarum, 109: 97–105.
- Hooley R 1994. Gibberellins: perception, transduction and responses. Plant Mol Biol. 26: 1529-1555.
- Hou YC, Janczuk A, Wang PG 1999. Current trends in the development of nitric oxide donors, Curr. Pharm. Des, 5: 417–442.
- Hu X, Jian M, Zhang A, Lu J 2005, Abscisic acid-induced apoplastic H2O2 accumulation up-regulates the activities of chloroplastic and cytosolic antioxidant enzymes in maize leaves. Planta, 223: 57–68.
- Iqbal N, Nazar R, Khan MIR, Masood A, Khan NA 2011. Role of gibberellins in regulation of source sink relations under optimal and limiting environmental conditions. Current Science, 100: 998–1007.
- Jaleel AC, Manivannan P, Wahid A, Farooq M, Al-Juburi HJ, Somasundaram R, Panneerselvam R 2009. Drought Stress in Plants: A Review on Morphological Characteristics and Pigments Composition. Int. J. Agric. Biol, 11:1.
- Jiang M, Zhang J 2001, Effect of abscisic acid on active oxygen species, antioxidative defence system and oxidative damage in leaves of maize seedlings. Journal of Plant Cell Physiology, 42: 1265–1273.
- Jiang MY, Zhang JH 2002. Role of abscisic acid in water stress induced antioxidant defense in leaves of maize seedlings. Free Radical Research, 36: 1001–1015.Jones HG, Jones MB 1989. Introduction: some terminology and common mechanisms, in: Jones HG, Flowers TJ, Jones MB (Eds.), Plants Under Stress, Cambridge university Press, Cambridge, 1–10.
- Kadıoğlu A 2004. Bitki fizyolojisi. Trabzon: Lokman Yayın, 453.
- Karpets YV, Kolupaev YE, Yastreb TO 2011. Effect of sodium nitroprusside on heat resistance of wheat coleoptiles: dependence on the formation and scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Russ. J. Plant Physiol, 58(6): 1027-1033.
- Kemble AR, Macpherson HT 1954. Liberation of amino acids in perennial rye grass during wilting. Biochemical Journal, 58(1): 46-49.
- Kim SG, Park CM 2008. Gibberellic acid-mediated salt signaling in seed germination. Plant Signaling & Behavier, 3:877–879.
- Kucera B, Cohn MA, Leubner-Metzger G 2005. Planthormone interactions during seed dormancy release and germination. Seed Sci Res, 15: 281–307.
- Kucera K, Meinhard J, Dobrev P, Linkies A, Pesek B, Heß B, Machackova I, Fischer U, Leubner-Metzger G 2007. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and abscisic acid during the germination of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) - A comparative study of fruits and seeds. J. Exp. Bot, 58: 3047–3060.
- Madhova Rao KV, Raghavendra AS, Janardhan Reddy K 2005. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Stress Tolerance in Plants. Netherlands: Springer, 345. Magome H, Yamaguchi S, Hanada A, Kamiya Y, Odadoi K 2004. Dwarf and delayed- flowering 1, a novel Arabidopsis mutant deficient in gibberellins biosynthesis because of overexpression of a putative AP2 transcription factor. Plant Journal, 37:720–729
- Mahajan S, Tuteja N 2005. Cold, salinity and drought stresses; an overview. Arch. Biochem., Biophys, 444:139-158.
- Manjili FA, Sedghi M, Pessarakli M 2012. Effects if Phytohormones in Proline Content and Antıoxidant Enzymes of Various Wheat Cultivars Under Salinity Stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 35:7, 1098-1111.
- Martinez-Ferri E, Manrique E, Valladares F, Balaguer L 2004. Winter photoinhibition in the field involves different processes in four co-occurring Mediterranean tree species. Tree Physiol, 24: 981-990.
- Masood A, Khan MIR, Fatma M, Asgher M, Per TS, Khan NA 2016. Involvement of ethylene in gibberellic acid-induced sulfur assimilation, photosynthetic responses, and alleviation of cadmium stress in mustard. Plant Physiol Biochem, 104: 1-10.
- Matysik JA, Bhalu B, Mohanty P 2002. Molecular mechanisms of quenching of reactive oxygen species by proline under stress in plants. Curr. Sci, 82: 525–532.Moore TC 1989. Biochemistry and Physiology of Plant Hormones, 2nd edn. Springer-Verlag, New York U.S.A
- Munns R 2002. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, Cell & Environment, 25(2): 239-250.
- Neill SJ, Desikan R, Clarke A, Hancock JT 2002. Nitric oxide is a novel component of abscisic acid signaling in stomatal guard cells. Plant Physiol, 128: 13– 16.
- Ober ES, Sharp RE 1994. Proline accumulation in maize (Zea mays L) primary roots at low water potentials. 1. Requirement for increased levels of abscisic acid. Plant Physiology, 105: 981–987.
- Parankusam S, Adimulam SS, Bahatnagar-Mathur P, Sharma KK 2017. Nitric Oxide (NO) in Plant Stress Tolerance: Current Knowledge and Perspectives. Frontiers in Plant Sci, 8: 1582-1600.
- Parida AK, Das AB, Mohanty P 2004. Investigations on the antioxidative defense responses to NaCl stress in a mangrove, Bruguiera parvi flora: differential regulations of isoforms of some antioxidative enzymes. Plant Growth Regul, 42:213–226
- Popko J, Hänsch R, Mendel R, Polle A, Teichmann T, 2010. The role of abscisic acid and auxin in the response of poplar to abiotic stress. Plant Biol. 12, 242–258.
- Porcel R, Aroca R, Ruiz-Lozano JM 2012. Salinity stress alleviation using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A review. Agron. Sustain. Dev, 32, 181-200.
- Pospisilova J., Vagner M., Malbeck J., Travnickova A., Batkova P 2005. Interactions between abscisic acid and cytokinins during water stress and subsequent rehydration. Biologia Plantarum, 49: 533–540.
- Radhakrishnan R, Lee IJ 2013. Spermine promotes acclimation to osmotic stress by modifying antioxidant, abscisic acid, and jasmonic acid signals in soybean. Journal of Plant Growth and Regulation, 32: 22-30.
- Sabra A, Daayf F, Renault S 2012. Differantial physiological and biochemical responses of three Echinacea species to salinty stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 135: 23-31.
- Sairam RK, Rao KV, Srivastava GC 2002. Differential response of wheat genotypes to term salinity stress in relation to oxidative stress, antioxidant activity and osmolyte concentration. Pl. Sci, 163: 1037– 46.
- Sanchez-Rodriguez E, Rubio-Wilhelmi MM, Blasco B, Leyva R, Romero L, Ruiz JM, 2012. Antioxidant response resides in the shoot in reciprocal grafts of drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive cultivars in tomato under water stress. Plant Sci, 188-189: 89-96.
- Savoure A, Hua XJ, Bertauche N, VanMontagu M, Verbruggen N 1997. Abscisic acid-independent and abscisic acid-dependent regulation of proline biosynthesis following cold and osmotic stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecular and General Genetics, 254: 104–109.
- Seki M, Umezawa T, Urano K, Shinozaki K 2007. Regulatory metabolic networks in drought stress responses. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol, 10: 296–302
- Sharma S, Verslues PE 2010. Mechanisms independent of ABA or proline feedback have a predominant role in transcriptional regulation of proline metabolism during low water potential and stress recovery. Plant Cell and Environment, 33: 1838–1851.
- Sheokand S, Bhankar V, Sawhney V 2010. Ameliorative effect of exogenous nitric oxide on oxidative metabolism in NaCl treated chickpea plants. Braz J Plant Physiol, 22: 81–90
- Shi Q, Ding F, Wang X, Wei M 2007. Exogenous nitric oxide protect cucumber roots against oxidative stress induced by salt stress, Plant Physiol Biochem, 45: 542–550.
- Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K 2007. Gene networks involved in drought stress response and tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany, 58(2): 221–22.
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Ayçiçeği Bitkisi Yapraklarında Tuz Stresi, Nitrik Oksit ve Hormon Uygulamalarının Antioksidan Savunma Sistemi Üzerine Etkileri
Öz
Bu çalışmada ayçiçeği (Helianthus
annuus L. cv. Tarsan-1018 çeşidi) bitkisinde tuz stresi, sodyum
nitroprussid ve bitki hormonları uygulamalarının antioksidan sistem
aktiviteleri üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma 2016
yılında kontrollü iklim odası şartlarında yapılmıştır. Tohumlar 5 hafta süreyle kültür çözeltisi ile
sulanarak, 5. hafta sonunda tuz, sodyum nitroprussid ve bitki hormonları
uygulamaları 48 saat süreyle yapılmıştır.
48. Saat sonunda örnekler alınarak,
süperoksid dismutaz aktivitesi Sairam ve ark. (2002)’ a katalaz
aktivitesi Aebi (1984)’e glutatyon S
transferaz aktivitesi Habig ve ark. (1974)’ e ve prolin miktarı da Ninhiydrin (Troll ve Lindsley, 1955) metoduna göre
belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar; tuz stresi ve
Sodyum nitroprussid uygulamalarının antioksidan savunmayı teşvik ettiğini
göstermıitır. Bitki hormonları farklı
etkiler yapmış olup; absisik asidin antioksidan savunma sistemi üzerine olumlu
etkilerde bulunduğu, gibberellik asidin ise enzim aktiviteleri ve prolin
miktarı üzerine etkisinin olumsuz olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Aebi H, 1984. Catalase in vitro, Mehods in Enzimology, 105, 121-126.
- Agami RA, Mohamed GF 2013. Exogenous treatment with indole-3-acetic acid and salicylic acid alleviates cadmium toxicity in wheat seedlings. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 94: 164-171.
- Al-Hakimi AMA 2007. Modification of cadmium toxicity in pea seedlings by kinetin. Plant Soil Environ, 53:129-135.
- Al-Karaki GN 2006. Nursery inoculation of tomato with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and subsequent performance under irrigation with saline water. Sci. Hortic, 109: 1-7.
- Arora D, Jain P, Singh N, Kaur H, Bhatla SC 2016. Mechanisms of nitric oxide crosstalk with reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes during abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Free Radic Res, 50: 291–303.
- Asada K 1992. Ascorbate peroxidase—a hydrogen scavenging enzyme in plants, Physiol. Plant, 85: 235–241.
- Boucaud J, Unger IA 1976. Hormonal control of germination under saline conditions of three halophyte taxa in genus Suaeda. Physiol. Plant, 36: 197–200.
- Büyük İ, Saydam Aydın S, Aras S 2012. Bitkilerin Stres Koşullarına Verdiği Moleküler Cevaplar. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg 69(2): 97-110.
- Chakrabarti N, Mukharji S, 2003. Alleviation of NaCl stress by pretreatment of phytohormones in Vigna radiata. Biol. Plant, 46: 589–594.
- Cramer GR, Nowak RS 1992. Supplemental manganese improves the relative growth, net assimilation and photosynthetic rates of salt-stressed barley. Physiologia Plantarum, 84(4): 600-605.
- Davies WJ, Jones HG 1991. Abscisic acid: physiology, biochemistry. BIOS. Scientific Publishers Ltd., Cambridge, UK.
- Dubey RS 1994. Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress. New York: Marcel Dekker, 227.
- El-Beltagi HS, Ahmed OK, Hegazy AE 2016. Protective effect of nitric oxide on high temperature induced oxidative stress in wheat. Not. Sci. Biol, 8: 192.
- El-Monem A, Sharaf AE-MM, Farghal II, Sofy MR 2009. Role of gibberellic acid in abolishing the detrimental effects of Cd and Pb on broad bean and lupin plants. Res J Agric Biol Sci, 5: 6-13.
- Fan H, Guo S, Jiao Y, Zhang R, Li J 2007. Effects of exogenous nitric oxide on growth, active oxygen species metabolism, and photosynthetic characteristics in cucumber seedlings under NaCl stress. Front Agric China, 1: 308–314.
- Flowers TJ 2004. Improving crop salt tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55(396): 307-319.
- Gaspar T, Franck T, Bisbis B, Kevers C, Jouve L, Hausman JF, Dommes J 2002. Concepts in plant stress physiology. Application to plant tissue cultures. Plant Growth Regul, 37: 263–285.
- Habig WH, Pabst MJ, Jakoby WB 1974. Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J Biol Chem, 25;249(22):7130-9.
- Halliwell B 1987. Oxidative damage, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant protection in chloroplasts. Chem. Phys. Lipids, 44: 327–340.
- Hamayun M, Khan SA, Khan AL, Shin JH, Ahmad B, Shin DH, Lee IJ 2010. Exogenous gibberellic acid reprograms soybean to higher growth and salt stress tolerance. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58: 7226–7232.
- Hasanuzzaman M, Gill SS, Fujita M 2013. Physiological role of nitric oxide in plants grown under adverse environmental conditions. In: Tuteja N, Singh Gill S (eds) Plant acclimation to environmental stress. Springer, New York, 269–322
- Hasanuzzaman M, Oku H, Nahar K, Borhannuddin MHM, Al Mahmud J,Baluska F,Fujita M 2018. Nitric oxide-induced salt stress tolerance in plants: ROS metabolism, signaling, and molecular interactions. Plant Biotechnology Reports, 12(2): 77-92.
- Hisamatsu T, Koshioka M, Kubota S, Fujime Y, King RW, Mander LN 2000. The role of gibberellin in the control of growth and flowering in Matthiola incana. Physiolgia Plantarum, 109: 97–105.
- Hooley R 1994. Gibberellins: perception, transduction and responses. Plant Mol Biol. 26: 1529-1555.
- Hou YC, Janczuk A, Wang PG 1999. Current trends in the development of nitric oxide donors, Curr. Pharm. Des, 5: 417–442.
- Hu X, Jian M, Zhang A, Lu J 2005, Abscisic acid-induced apoplastic H2O2 accumulation up-regulates the activities of chloroplastic and cytosolic antioxidant enzymes in maize leaves. Planta, 223: 57–68.
- Iqbal N, Nazar R, Khan MIR, Masood A, Khan NA 2011. Role of gibberellins in regulation of source sink relations under optimal and limiting environmental conditions. Current Science, 100: 998–1007.
- Jaleel AC, Manivannan P, Wahid A, Farooq M, Al-Juburi HJ, Somasundaram R, Panneerselvam R 2009. Drought Stress in Plants: A Review on Morphological Characteristics and Pigments Composition. Int. J. Agric. Biol, 11:1.
- Jiang M, Zhang J 2001, Effect of abscisic acid on active oxygen species, antioxidative defence system and oxidative damage in leaves of maize seedlings. Journal of Plant Cell Physiology, 42: 1265–1273.
- Jiang MY, Zhang JH 2002. Role of abscisic acid in water stress induced antioxidant defense in leaves of maize seedlings. Free Radical Research, 36: 1001–1015.Jones HG, Jones MB 1989. Introduction: some terminology and common mechanisms, in: Jones HG, Flowers TJ, Jones MB (Eds.), Plants Under Stress, Cambridge university Press, Cambridge, 1–10.
- Kadıoğlu A 2004. Bitki fizyolojisi. Trabzon: Lokman Yayın, 453.
- Karpets YV, Kolupaev YE, Yastreb TO 2011. Effect of sodium nitroprusside on heat resistance of wheat coleoptiles: dependence on the formation and scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Russ. J. Plant Physiol, 58(6): 1027-1033.
- Kemble AR, Macpherson HT 1954. Liberation of amino acids in perennial rye grass during wilting. Biochemical Journal, 58(1): 46-49.
- Kim SG, Park CM 2008. Gibberellic acid-mediated salt signaling in seed germination. Plant Signaling & Behavier, 3:877–879.
- Kucera B, Cohn MA, Leubner-Metzger G 2005. Planthormone interactions during seed dormancy release and germination. Seed Sci Res, 15: 281–307.
- Kucera K, Meinhard J, Dobrev P, Linkies A, Pesek B, Heß B, Machackova I, Fischer U, Leubner-Metzger G 2007. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and abscisic acid during the germination of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) - A comparative study of fruits and seeds. J. Exp. Bot, 58: 3047–3060.
- Madhova Rao KV, Raghavendra AS, Janardhan Reddy K 2005. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Stress Tolerance in Plants. Netherlands: Springer, 345. Magome H, Yamaguchi S, Hanada A, Kamiya Y, Odadoi K 2004. Dwarf and delayed- flowering 1, a novel Arabidopsis mutant deficient in gibberellins biosynthesis because of overexpression of a putative AP2 transcription factor. Plant Journal, 37:720–729
- Mahajan S, Tuteja N 2005. Cold, salinity and drought stresses; an overview. Arch. Biochem., Biophys, 444:139-158.
- Manjili FA, Sedghi M, Pessarakli M 2012. Effects if Phytohormones in Proline Content and Antıoxidant Enzymes of Various Wheat Cultivars Under Salinity Stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 35:7, 1098-1111.
- Martinez-Ferri E, Manrique E, Valladares F, Balaguer L 2004. Winter photoinhibition in the field involves different processes in four co-occurring Mediterranean tree species. Tree Physiol, 24: 981-990.
- Masood A, Khan MIR, Fatma M, Asgher M, Per TS, Khan NA 2016. Involvement of ethylene in gibberellic acid-induced sulfur assimilation, photosynthetic responses, and alleviation of cadmium stress in mustard. Plant Physiol Biochem, 104: 1-10.
- Matysik JA, Bhalu B, Mohanty P 2002. Molecular mechanisms of quenching of reactive oxygen species by proline under stress in plants. Curr. Sci, 82: 525–532.Moore TC 1989. Biochemistry and Physiology of Plant Hormones, 2nd edn. Springer-Verlag, New York U.S.A
- Munns R 2002. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, Cell & Environment, 25(2): 239-250.
- Neill SJ, Desikan R, Clarke A, Hancock JT 2002. Nitric oxide is a novel component of abscisic acid signaling in stomatal guard cells. Plant Physiol, 128: 13– 16.
- Ober ES, Sharp RE 1994. Proline accumulation in maize (Zea mays L) primary roots at low water potentials. 1. Requirement for increased levels of abscisic acid. Plant Physiology, 105: 981–987.
- Parankusam S, Adimulam SS, Bahatnagar-Mathur P, Sharma KK 2017. Nitric Oxide (NO) in Plant Stress Tolerance: Current Knowledge and Perspectives. Frontiers in Plant Sci, 8: 1582-1600.
- Parida AK, Das AB, Mohanty P 2004. Investigations on the antioxidative defense responses to NaCl stress in a mangrove, Bruguiera parvi flora: differential regulations of isoforms of some antioxidative enzymes. Plant Growth Regul, 42:213–226
- Popko J, Hänsch R, Mendel R, Polle A, Teichmann T, 2010. The role of abscisic acid and auxin in the response of poplar to abiotic stress. Plant Biol. 12, 242–258.
- Porcel R, Aroca R, Ruiz-Lozano JM 2012. Salinity stress alleviation using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A review. Agron. Sustain. Dev, 32, 181-200.
- Pospisilova J., Vagner M., Malbeck J., Travnickova A., Batkova P 2005. Interactions between abscisic acid and cytokinins during water stress and subsequent rehydration. Biologia Plantarum, 49: 533–540.
- Radhakrishnan R, Lee IJ 2013. Spermine promotes acclimation to osmotic stress by modifying antioxidant, abscisic acid, and jasmonic acid signals in soybean. Journal of Plant Growth and Regulation, 32: 22-30.
- Sabra A, Daayf F, Renault S 2012. Differantial physiological and biochemical responses of three Echinacea species to salinty stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 135: 23-31.
- Sairam RK, Rao KV, Srivastava GC 2002. Differential response of wheat genotypes to term salinity stress in relation to oxidative stress, antioxidant activity and osmolyte concentration. Pl. Sci, 163: 1037– 46.
- Sanchez-Rodriguez E, Rubio-Wilhelmi MM, Blasco B, Leyva R, Romero L, Ruiz JM, 2012. Antioxidant response resides in the shoot in reciprocal grafts of drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive cultivars in tomato under water stress. Plant Sci, 188-189: 89-96.
- Savoure A, Hua XJ, Bertauche N, VanMontagu M, Verbruggen N 1997. Abscisic acid-independent and abscisic acid-dependent regulation of proline biosynthesis following cold and osmotic stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecular and General Genetics, 254: 104–109.
- Seki M, Umezawa T, Urano K, Shinozaki K 2007. Regulatory metabolic networks in drought stress responses. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol, 10: 296–302
- Sharma S, Verslues PE 2010. Mechanisms independent of ABA or proline feedback have a predominant role in transcriptional regulation of proline metabolism during low water potential and stress recovery. Plant Cell and Environment, 33: 1838–1851.
- Sheokand S, Bhankar V, Sawhney V 2010. Ameliorative effect of exogenous nitric oxide on oxidative metabolism in NaCl treated chickpea plants. Braz J Plant Physiol, 22: 81–90
- Shi Q, Ding F, Wang X, Wei M 2007. Exogenous nitric oxide protect cucumber roots against oxidative stress induced by salt stress, Plant Physiol Biochem, 45: 542–550.
- Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K 2007. Gene networks involved in drought stress response and tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany, 58(2): 221–22.
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- Verslues PE, Bray EA 2006. Role of abscisic acid (ABA) and Arabidopsis thaliana ABA-insensitive loci in low water potential-induced ABA and proline accumulation. Journal of Experimental Botany, 57: 201–212.
- Weyers JDB, Paterson NW, 2001. Plant hormones and the control of physiological processes. New Phytol. 152: 375–407.Wu X, Zhu W, Zhang H, Ding H, Zhang HJ 2011. Exogenous nitric oxide protects against salt-induced oxidative stress in the leaves from two genotypes of tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum Mill.), Acta Physiol Plant, 33: 1199–1209.Xiong L, Schumaker KS, Zhu JK 2002. Cell signaling during cold, drought, and salt stress. The Plant Cell 14:165–183.
- Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K 2005. Organization of cis acting regulatory elements in osmotic- and cold-stress-responsive promoters. Trends in Plant Science, 10: 88–94.
- Yordanov I, Velikova V, Tsonev T 2000. Plant responses to drought, acclimatation and stress tolerance. Photosynthetica, 38: 171-186.
- Zhang X, Ervin EH, Evanylo GK, Haering KC 2009. Impact of biosolids on hormone metabolism in drought-stressed tall fescue. Crop Sci, 49:1 893–1901.Zhu JK 2007. Plant Salt Stress: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Zhu XF, Wang ZW, Dong F, Lei GJ, Shi YZ, Li GX, Zheng SJ 2013. Exogenous auxin alleviates cadmium toxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana by stimulating synthesis of hemicellulose 1 and increasing the cadmium fixation capacity of root cell walls. J Hazard Mater, 263: 398-403.
Toplam 73 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Haziran 2019 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 7 Eylül 2018 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 30 Ocak 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 |
2022-JIF = 0.500
2022-JCI = 0.170
Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi (International
Peer Reviewed Journal)
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