Öz
Bu
çalışmanın amacı, hasat zamanının sandal
ağacı yapraklarının kimyasal kompozisyonuna, metabolik enerji değerine (ME) ve in vitro kuru madde sindirim derecesine
(IVKMSD) olan etkisini belirlemektir. Hasat zamanı sandal ağacı yaprağının
kompozisyonunu, İVKMSD ve ME içeriğini önemli derecede etkilemiştir. Yaprakların
İVKMSD %28.56 ile % 67.73 arasında değişmiş olup en yüksek İVKMSD’i Ocak ve
Nisan aylarında en düşük İVKMSD’ne ise Ekim ayında hasat edilen yapraklarda
bulunmuştur. Yaprakların ME içeriği % 3.11 ile %9.02 MJ/kg arasında değişmiş
olup en yüksek ME Ocak ayında ve en düşük ME değeri ise Ekim ayında hasat
edilen yapraklarda bulunmuştur. Sonuç
olarak sandal ağacı yaprağının kimyasal kompozisyonu, IVKMSD ve ME içeriği
hasat zamanına bağlı olarak değişmiştir. Dört farklı dönemde hasat edilen sandal
ağacının yapraklarının protein ve mineral içerikleri düşük olduğundan koyun ve
keçilerin ihtiyacını karşılamak için sandal ağacının yaprakları protein P, Cu
ve Mn kaynakları yeme eklenmelidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sandal ağacı besleme değeri hasat zamanı kimyasal kompozisyon
Kaynakça
- Ammar H, L´opez S, Gonz´alez JS 2005. Assessment of the digestibility of some Mediterranean shrubs by in vitro techniques. Small Ruminant Research, 119:323-331.
- AOAC., 1990. Official method of analysis. 15th ed., pp.66-88. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA.
- Baldwin IT, Schults JC, Ward D 1987. Patterns and sources of leaf tannin variation in yellow birch (Betula allegheniensis) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 13:1069-78.
- Barry TN, Duncan SJ 1984. The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional-value of Lotus pedunculatus for sheep .1. Voluntary intake. British Journal of Nutrition, 51: 485 – 491.,
- Degen AA, Blanke A, Becker K, Kam M, Benjamin RW, Makkar HPS 1997. The nutritive value of Acacia saligna and Acacia salicina for goats and sheep. Animal Science, 64(2):253–9.
- El-Shatnawi MK, Mohawesh YM 2000. Seasonal chemical composition of saltbush in semiarid grassland of Jordan. Journal of Range Management, 53:211-214
- Getachew G, Makkar HPS, Becker K 2000. Effect of polyethylene glycol on in vitro degradability of nitrogen and microbial protein synthesis from tannin-rich browse and herbaceous legumes. British Journal of Nutrition, 84: 73-83.
- Hagerman AE 1988. Extraction of tannin from fresh and preserved leaves .Journal of chemical Ecology, 14(2): 453-61.
- Jones JB, Benton J, Case VW 1990. Sampling, handling and analyzing plant tissue samples. Sampling, handling and analyzing plant tissue samples., (Ed. 3), 389-427.
- Kamalak A, Canbolat O, Gurbuz Y 2004a. Comparison between in situ dry matter degradation and in vitro gas production of tannin-containing leaves from four tree species. South African Journal of Animal Science, 34(4): 233-240.
- Kamalak A, Filho JMP, Canpolat O, Gurbuz Y, Ozay O, Ozkan CO 2004b. Chemical composition and its relationship to in vitro dry matter digestibility of several tannin-containing trees and shrub leaves. Livestock Res Rural Dev, 16: 1-8.
- Kamalak A, Canbolat O, Gurbuz Y, Ozay O, Ozkose E 2005. Chemical composition and its relationship to in vitro gas production of several tannin containing trees and shrub leaves. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 18(2):203-208.
- Kamalak A 2006. Determination of nutritive value of leaves of a native grown shrub, Glycyrrhiza glabra L. using in vitro and in situ measurements. Small Ruminant Research, 64: 268–278.
- Kamalak A, Canbolat O, Atalay AI, Kaplan M 2010. Determination of potential nutritive value of young, old and senescent leaves of Arbutus andrachne tree. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 37(2): 257-260.
- Karabulut A, Canbolat O, Ozkan CO, Kamalak A 2006. Potential nutritive value of some Mediterranean shrub and tree leaves as emergency food for sheep in winter. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 18(6): 81.
- Kumar R, Vaithiyanathan S 1990. Occurrence, nutritional significance and effect on animal productivity of tannins in tree leaves. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 30: 21-38.
- Kuo S 1996. Phosphorus. In D.L. Sparks (ed) Methods of soil analysis: Chemical methods. Part 3. SSSA, Madison, WI, 869-921.
- Lohan OP, Lall D, Vaid J and Negi SS 1983. Utilization of oak tree fodder in cattle ration and fate of oak leaf tannins in the ruminant system. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 53: 1057-1063.
- MAFF 1984. Energy allowances and feeding systems for ruminants. Reference Book 433, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London.
- Makkar HPS, Singh B and Negi SS 1989. Relationship of rumen degradability with microbial colonization, cell wall constituents and tannin levels in some tree leaves. Animal Production, 49: 299-303.
- Makkar HPS, Dawra RK, Singh B 1991. Tannin levels in leaves some oak species at different stages of maturity. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 54:513-9.
- Minoletti ML, Boerner REJ 1994. Drought and site fertility effects on foliar nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics and nutrient resorption by the forest undershrub Viburnum acerifolium Latin American Midland Naturalist 131: 109–119.
- Norton BW 2003. The nutritive value of tree legumes. http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/Publicat/Gutt-shel/x5556e0j.htm. pp.1-10
- NRC 1985 Nutrient requirements of Sheep. Sixth Revised Edition. National Academy Press. Washington D.C.
- Silanikove N, Gilboa N, Nir I, Perevolotsky Z, Nitsan Z 1996. Effect of a daily supplementation of polyethylene glycol on intake and digestion of tannin-containing leaves (Quercus calliprinos, Pistica lentiscus, Ceratonia siliqua) by goats. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 44:199-205
- Silanikove N, Prevolotsky A, Provenza FD 2001. Use of tannin-binding chemicals to assay for tannin and their negative effects in ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 9(1-2), 69-81.
- Silanikove N, Nitsan Z, Perevolotsky A 1994. Effect of a daily supplementation of poly (ethylene glycol) on intake and digestion of tannin-containing leaves (Ceratonia siliqua) by sheep. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 42(12): 2844-2847.
- Smith, O. B., 1992. Fodder trees and shrubs in range and farming systems in tropical humid Africa. Legume trees and other fodder trees as protein sources for livestock.(Eds. A. Speedy and PL Pugliese). FAO. Animal Production and Health Paper, 102, 43.
- Singleton VL 1981. Naturally occurring food toxicants: Phenolic substances of plant origin common in foods. Advances in Food Research, 27:149-242.
- Tilley JMA, Terry RA 1963. A two stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. Journal of British Grasslands Society, 18:104-111.
- Tolera A, Khazaal K, Orskov ER 1997. Nutritive evaluation of some browses species. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 67: 181-195.
- Van Soest PV, Robertson, JB, Lewis BA 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of dairy science, 74(10): 3583-3597.
- Yamamura Y 1986. Matter-economical roles of the evergreen foliage of Aucuba japonica, an understory shrub in warm-temperate region of Japan. 1. Leaf demography, productivity and dry matter economy. The Botanical Magazine Tokyo. 99: 323–332.
Öz
The objective of this study was to determine the
effect of harvest stage on the chemical composition, metabolisable energy and
dry matter digestibility of A. andrachne
leaves. Harvesting stage had a significant effect on the chemical composition,
metabolisable energy and dry matter digestibility of leaves of A. andrachne. The IVDMD of the leaves of
A. andrachne ranged from 28.56 to
67.73 %. The highest IVDMD was obtained
in January and April whereas the lowest IVDMD was obtained in October. The ME
contents of the leaves of A. andrachne
ranged from 3.11 to 9.02 MJ/kg DM. The
highest IVDMD was obtained in January whereas the lowest IVDMD content was
obtained in October. As conclusion the
chemical composition, IVDMD and ME content of the leaves ranged with harvesting
time. Leaves of A. andrachne should
be supplemented with protein, P, Cu and Mn minerals sources to meet the
requirement of sheep and goat since the leaves of A. andrachne harvested in four periods were low in crude protein
and minerals.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Arbutus adrachne nutritive value harvest stage chemical composition
Kaynakça
- Ammar H, L´opez S, Gonz´alez JS 2005. Assessment of the digestibility of some Mediterranean shrubs by in vitro techniques. Small Ruminant Research, 119:323-331.
- AOAC., 1990. Official method of analysis. 15th ed., pp.66-88. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA.
- Baldwin IT, Schults JC, Ward D 1987. Patterns and sources of leaf tannin variation in yellow birch (Betula allegheniensis) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 13:1069-78.
- Barry TN, Duncan SJ 1984. The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional-value of Lotus pedunculatus for sheep .1. Voluntary intake. British Journal of Nutrition, 51: 485 – 491.,
- Degen AA, Blanke A, Becker K, Kam M, Benjamin RW, Makkar HPS 1997. The nutritive value of Acacia saligna and Acacia salicina for goats and sheep. Animal Science, 64(2):253–9.
- El-Shatnawi MK, Mohawesh YM 2000. Seasonal chemical composition of saltbush in semiarid grassland of Jordan. Journal of Range Management, 53:211-214
- Getachew G, Makkar HPS, Becker K 2000. Effect of polyethylene glycol on in vitro degradability of nitrogen and microbial protein synthesis from tannin-rich browse and herbaceous legumes. British Journal of Nutrition, 84: 73-83.
- Hagerman AE 1988. Extraction of tannin from fresh and preserved leaves .Journal of chemical Ecology, 14(2): 453-61.
- Jones JB, Benton J, Case VW 1990. Sampling, handling and analyzing plant tissue samples. Sampling, handling and analyzing plant tissue samples., (Ed. 3), 389-427.
- Kamalak A, Canbolat O, Gurbuz Y 2004a. Comparison between in situ dry matter degradation and in vitro gas production of tannin-containing leaves from four tree species. South African Journal of Animal Science, 34(4): 233-240.
- Kamalak A, Filho JMP, Canpolat O, Gurbuz Y, Ozay O, Ozkan CO 2004b. Chemical composition and its relationship to in vitro dry matter digestibility of several tannin-containing trees and shrub leaves. Livestock Res Rural Dev, 16: 1-8.
- Kamalak A, Canbolat O, Gurbuz Y, Ozay O, Ozkose E 2005. Chemical composition and its relationship to in vitro gas production of several tannin containing trees and shrub leaves. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 18(2):203-208.
- Kamalak A 2006. Determination of nutritive value of leaves of a native grown shrub, Glycyrrhiza glabra L. using in vitro and in situ measurements. Small Ruminant Research, 64: 268–278.
- Kamalak A, Canbolat O, Atalay AI, Kaplan M 2010. Determination of potential nutritive value of young, old and senescent leaves of Arbutus andrachne tree. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 37(2): 257-260.
- Karabulut A, Canbolat O, Ozkan CO, Kamalak A 2006. Potential nutritive value of some Mediterranean shrub and tree leaves as emergency food for sheep in winter. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 18(6): 81.
- Kumar R, Vaithiyanathan S 1990. Occurrence, nutritional significance and effect on animal productivity of tannins in tree leaves. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 30: 21-38.
- Kuo S 1996. Phosphorus. In D.L. Sparks (ed) Methods of soil analysis: Chemical methods. Part 3. SSSA, Madison, WI, 869-921.
- Lohan OP, Lall D, Vaid J and Negi SS 1983. Utilization of oak tree fodder in cattle ration and fate of oak leaf tannins in the ruminant system. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 53: 1057-1063.
- MAFF 1984. Energy allowances and feeding systems for ruminants. Reference Book 433, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London.
- Makkar HPS, Singh B and Negi SS 1989. Relationship of rumen degradability with microbial colonization, cell wall constituents and tannin levels in some tree leaves. Animal Production, 49: 299-303.
- Makkar HPS, Dawra RK, Singh B 1991. Tannin levels in leaves some oak species at different stages of maturity. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 54:513-9.
- Minoletti ML, Boerner REJ 1994. Drought and site fertility effects on foliar nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics and nutrient resorption by the forest undershrub Viburnum acerifolium Latin American Midland Naturalist 131: 109–119.
- Norton BW 2003. The nutritive value of tree legumes. http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/Publicat/Gutt-shel/x5556e0j.htm. pp.1-10
- NRC 1985 Nutrient requirements of Sheep. Sixth Revised Edition. National Academy Press. Washington D.C.
- Silanikove N, Gilboa N, Nir I, Perevolotsky Z, Nitsan Z 1996. Effect of a daily supplementation of polyethylene glycol on intake and digestion of tannin-containing leaves (Quercus calliprinos, Pistica lentiscus, Ceratonia siliqua) by goats. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 44:199-205
- Silanikove N, Prevolotsky A, Provenza FD 2001. Use of tannin-binding chemicals to assay for tannin and their negative effects in ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 9(1-2), 69-81.
- Silanikove N, Nitsan Z, Perevolotsky A 1994. Effect of a daily supplementation of poly (ethylene glycol) on intake and digestion of tannin-containing leaves (Ceratonia siliqua) by sheep. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 42(12): 2844-2847.
- Smith, O. B., 1992. Fodder trees and shrubs in range and farming systems in tropical humid Africa. Legume trees and other fodder trees as protein sources for livestock.(Eds. A. Speedy and PL Pugliese). FAO. Animal Production and Health Paper, 102, 43.
- Singleton VL 1981. Naturally occurring food toxicants: Phenolic substances of plant origin common in foods. Advances in Food Research, 27:149-242.
- Tilley JMA, Terry RA 1963. A two stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. Journal of British Grasslands Society, 18:104-111.
- Tolera A, Khazaal K, Orskov ER 1997. Nutritive evaluation of some browses species. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 67: 181-195.
- Van Soest PV, Robertson, JB, Lewis BA 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of dairy science, 74(10): 3583-3597.
- Yamamura Y 1986. Matter-economical roles of the evergreen foliage of Aucuba japonica, an understory shrub in warm-temperate region of Japan. 1. Leaf demography, productivity and dry matter economy. The Botanical Magazine Tokyo. 99: 323–332.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Nisan 2019 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 5 Kasım 2018 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 24 Aralık 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 |
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Tanenlerin Ruminant Hayvan Beslemede Kullanımı
Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science
Mustafa BOĞA
https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.937301
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