Determination of Shoot Regeneration Protocol in Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott) with New Generation Temporary Immersion Bioreactor System

Merve Karakoyun Mutluay; Şeyma Arıkan

doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1644524

TR EN

Aronya (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott)’ da Yeni Nesil Geçici Daldırma Biyoreaktör Sistemi ile Sürgün Rejenerasyon Protokolünün Belirlenmesi

Öz

Aronya (Aronia melanocarpa), Rosaceae familyasına ait endüstriyel açıdan önemli bir türdür. Son yıllarda meyveler arasında önemi artmakta olup, sağlık üzerindeki etkileri nedeniyle “süper meyve” olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ‘Viking’ aronya çeşidinin in vitro çoğaltımı, yeni nesil olarak bilinen PlantForm biyoreaktör sistemi ile geleneksel bir doku kültürü yaklaşımı olan katı kültür çoğaltım yöntemiyle karşılaştırmaktır. Katı kültür mikroçoğaltımı ve PlantForm biyoreaktör sistemi denemelerinde MS besin ortamı ve sitokinin (BAP, KIN) kaynakları (1.0, 2.0 ve 4.0 mgL-1) kullanılmıştır. Her alt kültür dönemi sonunda her iki sistemde yapılan mikroçoğaltım deneylerinde sürgün sayısı (adet/fide), bitki boyu (cm), bitki çapı (mm), yaprak sayısı (adet), bitkinin yaş ve kuru ağırlığı (g), köklenme oranı (%), kök sayısı (adet), kök uzunluğu (mm), bitki boyu (cm) ve kökün yaş ve kuru ağırlığı (g) gibi veriler incelenmiştir. Sürgün canlılığında her iki ortamda da %100 canlılık oranları ile KIN kullanılan ortamlar daha iyi sonuç vermiştir. PlantForm sistemi, bitki boyu ile yaş ve kuru ağırlık açısından katı kültür sistemine kıyasla daha iyi sonuçlar vermiştir. Nitekim bitki boyunda 4.12cm ile en fazla değer MS+4.0 mgL-1 KIN+0.01 mgL-1 IAA ortamından elde edilmiştir. Bitki yaş ve kuru ağırlığında da en iyi değerler PlantForm sisteminde MS+2.0 mgL-1 BAP+0.01 mgL-1 IAA ortamında tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, mikroçoğaltım açısından PlantForm biyoreaktör sisteminin katı kültür ortamına kıyasla daha etkili olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Determination of Shoot Regeneration Protocol in Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott) with New Generation Temporary Immersion Bioreactor System

Abstract

Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) is an industrially important species belonging to the Rosaceae family. Among the berries, its importance has been increasing in recent years, and it is called a “super fruit” due to its effects on health. The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro propagation of the ‘Viking’ aronia cultivar via the PlantForm bioreactor system, known as the new generation, with that via the solid culture propagation method, a traditional tissue culture approach. MS nutrient medium and cytokinin (BAP, KIN) sources (1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mgL-1) were used in solid culture micropropagation and PlantForm bioreactor system trials. At the end of each subculture, the number of shoots (pcs/plantlet), plant height (cm), plant diameter (mm), number of leaves (pcs), plant fresh and dry weight (g) data, rooting rate (%), root number (pcs), root length (mm), plant height (cm), and root fresh and dry weight (g) data were examined in the micropropagation experiments in both systems. In terms of shoot vitality, the media containing KIN gave better results with 100% vitality rates in both systems. The PlantForm system yielded better plant height and fresh and dry weight results than the solid culture system. In fact, the highest value of 4.12 cm in plant height was obtained from MS+4.0 mgL-1 KIN+0.01 mgL-1 IAA medium. The best values in plant fresh and dry weight were determined in MS+2.0 mgL-1 BAP+0.01 mgL-1 IAA medium in the PlantForm system. In this study, the PlantForm bioreactor system was more effective for micropropagation than solid culture media.

Keywords

Destekleyen Kurum

Selçuk Üniversitesi Bilimsel Projeler Koordinatörlüğü

Proje Numarası

22401067

Kaynakça

Ahmet, O., Yildirim, H., Pirinç, V., Tilkat, E., Çiftçi, Y. Ö., Akdemir, H., Süzerer, V., Çalar, N., Binici, M. & Akdemir, Ö. F. (2012). Bitkilerin biyoteknolojik yöntemlerle ticari çoğaltimi; mevcut ve gelecekteki durum, Batman Üniversitesi Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2), 11-28.
Aka Kaçar, Y., Biçen, B., Şimşek, Ö., Dönmez, D., & Erol, M. (2020). Evaluation and comparison of a new type of temporary immersion system (TIS) bioreactors for myrtle (Myrtus communis L.). Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 18(1), 1611-1620. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1801_16111620.
Anđelić, T., Vujović, T., Sánchez, C., Aldrey, A., Christie, B., & Vidal, N. (2025). Proliferation of axillary shoots of selected berry and fruit tree cultivars in bioreactors. In Book of Abstracts: 3rd Conference of COST Action CA21157 “Trees for the Future: Cloning and Beyond”, 12-14 May 2025, Centre for Functional Ecology. Department for Life Science, University of Coimra, Portugal, pp. 114-114, Coimbra: Centre for Functional Ecology. Department for Life Science, University of Coimbra.
Anonymous, (2024). Plant Form. https://www.plantform.se/pub/ [Date of access:04.03.2024].
Aragón, C. E., Escalona, M., Rodriguez, R., Cañal, M. J., Capote, I., Pina, D., & González-Olmedo, J. (2010). Effect of sucrose, light, and carbon dioxide on plantain micropropagation in temporary immersion bioreactors. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 46, 89-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-009-9246-2.
Barua, R., Kundu, S., Majumder, S., Marshall, H. D., Igamberdiev, A. U., & Debnath, S. C. (2025). Exploring two bioreactor systems for micropropagation of Vaccinium membranaceum and the antioxidant enzyme profiling in tissue culture-raised plants. Plant Growth Regulation, 105, 805–819. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-025-01293-8.
Bello-Bello, JJ., Cruz-Cruz, CA., & Pérez-Guerra, JC. (2019). A new temporary immersion system for commercial micropropagation of banana (Musa AAA cv. Grand Naine). In Vitro Cellular Developmental Biology-Plant, 55(3), 313-320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-019-09973-7.
Benelli, C. & Carlo, A. 2018. In vitro multiplication and growth improvement of Olea europaea L. cv Canino with temporary immersion system (Plantform™). 3 Biotech, 8(7): 317, 1-5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-018-1346-4.

Berthouly, M., & Etienne, H. (2005). Temporary immersion system: a new concept for use liquid medium in mass propagation. Liquid culture systems for in vitro plant propagation, 165-195. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3200-5_11.
Biçen., B. (2017). Mersin bitkisinin (Myrtus communis L.) klasik ve yeni nesil doku kültürü teknikleri ile çoğaltılması ve köklendirilmesi (Tez no 472998). [Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bahçe Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
Bridgen, M. P., Van Houtven, W., & Eeckhaut, T. (2018). Plant tissue culture techniques for breeding. Ornamental Crops, 11, 127-144. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90698-0_6.
Camargo, S. S., Rufato, L., Magro, M., & Souza, A. L. K. D. (2019). Temporary immersion biorreators: an efficient technique for the propagation of the ‘Pircinque’ strawberry. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 41, 1-8. http://dx.doi.org /10.1590/0100-29452019102.
Carla, B., Fernanda, C., & De Carlo, A. (2015). Plant Form’, a temporary immersion system, for in vitro propagation of Myrtus communis and Olea europaea. The 6th International ISHS Symposium on Production and Establishment of Micropropagated Plants (PEMP) Sanremo Italy. pp. 19-24.
Carlo, A., Tarraf, W., Lambardi, M., & Benelli, C. 2021. Temporary immersion system for production of biomass and bioactive compounds from medicinal plants. Agronomy, 11(12), 2414, 2-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122414.
Cavallaro, V., Scalisi, C., Saita, A., Malvuccio, A., La Rosa, S., Pellegrino, A., & Barbera, AC. (2015). Improving in vitro mass proliferation of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) from seedling apices by temporary immersion systems. In VI International Symposium on Production and Establishment of Micropropagated Plants 1155 pp. 221-226. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2017.1155.31
Cengiz, M., & Kaçar, Y. A. (2019). Micropropagation of some citrus rootstocks with classical and new generation tissue culture techniques. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 7(9), 1469-1478. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i9.1469-1478.2846.
Chen, J., & Ziv, M. (2003). Carbohydrate, metabolic, and osmotic changes in scaled-up liquid cultures of Narcissus leaves. In Vitro Cellular Developmental Biology-Plant, 39, 645-650. https://doi.org/10.1079/IVP2003451.
Chen, J., & Ziv, M. (2001). The effect of ancymidol on hyperhydricity, regeneration, starch and antioxidant enzymatic activities in liquid-cultured Narcissus. Plant Cell Reports, 20, 22-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002990000283.
da Silva, JA., Solis-Gracia, N., Jifon, J., Souza, SC., & Mandadi, KK. (2020). Use of bioreactors for large-scale multiplication of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), energy cane (Saccharum spp.), and related species. In Vitro Cellular Developmental Biology-Plant, 56(3), 366-376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-019-10046-y.
Dagman, FHA. (2019). Bazı meyve anaçlarının klasik doku kültürü ve yeni nesil geçici daldırma biyoreaktör sistemi ile mikroçoğaltımı (Tez no 536403). [Yüksek Lisans Tezi Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
Daungban, S., Pumisutapon, P., Topoonyanont, N., & Poonnoy, P. (2017). Effects of explants division by cutting, concentrations of TDZ and number of subculture cycles on propagation of ‘Kluai Hom Thong’banana in a temporary immersion bioreactor system. Thai Journal of Science and Technology, 6(1), 89-99. https://doi.org/10.14456/tjst.2017.4.
Demirkök, ŞG. (2006). GF-677, AK-1 ve AK-2 badem x şeftali melez anaçlarının sürgün ucu yöntemiyle in vitro klonal mikroçoğaltımı (Tez no 183595). [Yüksek Lisans Tezi Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
Denev, P., Číž, M., Kratchanova, M., & Blazheva, D. 2019. Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) polyphenols reveal different antioxidant, antimicrobial and neutrophil-modulating activities. Food Chemistry, 284, 108-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.108.
Gatti, E., & Sgarbi, E. (2015). Comparison between a conventional culture system and Plantform bioreactor in quercus robur micropropagation. In 6th Pemp Ishs Symposium-Book of Abstracts Margherita, Beruto Alessandro Bisignano. pp. 257-257.
Georgiev, V., Schumann, A., Pavlov, A., & Bley, T. (2014). Temporary immersion systems in plant biotechnology. Engineering in Life Sciences, 14(6), 607-621. https://doi.org/10.1002/elsc.201300166.
Gupta, SD., & Prasad, VSS. (2006). Matrix-supported liquid culture systems for efficient micropropagation of floricultural plants. Floriculture, ornamental and plant biotechnology: Advances and Topical Issues 2, pp.488-495.
Gutiérrez, LG., López-Franco, R., & Morales-Pinzón, T. (2016). Micropropagation of Guadua angustifolia Kunth (Poaceae) using a temporary immersion system RITA®. African Journal of Biotechnology, 15(28), 1503-1510.
Hwang, HD., Kwon, SH., Murthy, HN., Yun, SW., Pyo, SS., & Park, SY. (2022). Temporary immersion bioreactor system as an efficient method for mass production of in vitro plants in horticulture and medicinal plants. Agronomy, 12(2), 346. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020346.
Imrak, B., Kafkas, E., & Tufan, M. (2021). The investigation of the impact of different plant growth regulators on micropropagation of Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa. L). III. International Agricultural, Biological & Life Science Conference, September 1-3, Edirne, Türkiye, pp. 51.
Ipek, M., Pirlak, L., Esitken, A., Dönmez, MF., Turan, M., & Sahin, F. (2014). Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) increase yield, growth and nutrition of strawberry under high-calcareous soil conditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 37(7), 990-1001. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2014.881857.
Karakoyun, M., Eroğlu, A., Arikan, S., & Muzaffer, I. (2023). In Vitro micropropagation of fruit species using next generation bioreactors. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 37(1), 200-209. https://doi.org/10.15316/SJAFS.2023.020.
Köksal, N., Özkaya, A., Kafkas, E., & Yasemin, S. 2017. Süs bitkisi olarak çilek yetiştiriciliğinde saksı boyutlarının etkisi. Bahçe, 46 (Özel Sayı 1), 139-148.
Lyam, P., Musa, M., Jamaleddine, Z., Okere, U., & Odofin, W. 2012. The potential of temporary immersion bioreactors (tibs) in meeting crop production demand in Nigeria. Journal of Biology and Life Science, 3(1), 66-86. https://doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v3i1.1156.
Mansuroglu, S. (2001). Micropropagation, plant biotechnology I: Tissue culture and applications. Konya: Selcuk University Foundation Publications, 81-262.
Martínez-Estrada, E., Islas-Luna, Pérez-Sato, JA., & Bello-Bello, JJ. 2019. Temporary immersion improves in vitro multiplication and acclimatization of Anthurium andreanum Lind. Scientia Horticulturae, 249, 185-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.01.053.
Masnoddin, M., Repin, R., & Abd, Aziz Z. (2016) Micropropagation of an endangered Borneo orchid, Paphiopedilum rothschildianum callus using temporary immersion bioreactor system. Thai Agricultural Research Journal, 34(2), 161-171.
Maurizio, L., Roncasaglia, R., Bujazha, D., Baileiro, F., da Silva, D. C., & Ozudogru E. A. (2015). Improvement of shoot proliferation by liquid culture in temporary immersion. In 6th International ISHS Symposium on Production and Establishment of Micropropagated Plants, Sanremo Italy 19-24 of April, pp. 19-24.
Mosqueda Frómeta, O., Escalona Morgado, MM., Teixeira da Silva, JA., Pina Morgado, DT., & Daquinta Gradaille, MA. (2017). In vitro propagation of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hooker f. in a temporary immersion bioreactor. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 129, 543-551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-017-1186-7.
Mosqueda, MAR., Corona, RGC., Jiménez, DA., & Bello, JB. (2022). Micropropagation of Agave (Agave potatorum Zucc.) through direct organogenesis. Agrociencia, 56(6) 1-10.
Naser, S. & Abdulhussein, M. 2023. Effect of sucrose in strawberry micropropagation using PlantForm bioreactors under temporary immersion system. Bionatura, 8(CSS 4), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.04.94.
Onay, A., Yıldırım, H., Pirinç, V., Tilkat, E., Çiftçi, YÖ., Akdemir, H., & Kılınç, FM. (2012). Bitkilerin biyoteknolojik yöntemlerle ticari çoğaltımı; mevcut ve gelecekteki durum. Batman Üniversitesi Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2) 11-28.
Özelçi, D., Yiğit, E. (2022). Morus nigra L. (Karadut) cv. ‘Ekşi Kara’ ‘nın Mikroçoğaltımı. KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 25(1), 49-56. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.865910.
Polat, M., & Eskimez, I. (2022). The effects of different hormone combinations on in vitro micropropagation of aronia (Aronia melanocarpa (michx.) elliott). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 31(01A), 1219-1227.
Poyraz Engin, S. & Mert, C. (2024). Yalova koşullarında bazı aronya çeşitlerinin fenolojik ve morfolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Bahçe, 53(1), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.53471/bahce.1458398.
Quiala, E., Cañal, MJ., Meijón,M., Rodrígue, R., Chávez, M., Valledor, L., & Barbón, R. (2012). Morphological and physiological responses of proliferating shoots of teak to temporary immersion and BA treatments. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 109, 223-234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-011-0088-3.
Ramírez-Mosqueda, MA., & Iglesias-Andreu, LG. (2016). Evaluation of different temporary immersion systems (BIT®, BIG, and RITA®) in the micropropagation of Vanilla planifolia Jacks. In Vitro Cellular Developmental Biology-Plant, 52, 154-160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-015-9735-4.
Ramos-Castellá, A., Iglesias-Andreu, LG., Bello-Bello, J. & Lee-Espinosa, H. (2014). Improved propagation of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews) using a temporary immersion system. In Vitro Cellular Developmental Biology-Plant, 50, 576-581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-014-9602-8.
Rathore, JS., Rathore, V., Shekhawat, NS., Singh, RP., Liler, G., Phulwaria, M., & Dagla, HR. (2004). Micropropagation of woody plants. In Plant biotechnology and molecular markers, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. Anamaya Publishers, New Delhi, India, pp. 195-205. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3213-7.
Reyes-Beristain, B., Mancilla-Álvarez, E., López-Buenfil, J. A., & Bello-Bello, J. J. (2025). Temporary immersion bioreactor for in vitro multiplication of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). Horticulturae, 11(7), 842, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11070842.
Rosales, C., Brenes, J., Salas, K., Arce-Solano, S., & Abdelnour-Esquivel, A. (2018). Micropropagation of Stevia rebaudiana in temporary immersion systems as an alternative horticultural production method. Revista Chapingo. Serie Horticultura, 24(1), 69-84. https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2017.08.028.
Sacco, E., Mascarello, C., Pamato, M., Musso, V., & Ruffoni, B. (2013). June. Evaluation of temporary immersion system for in vitro propagation of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. In VIII International Symposium on In Vitro Culture and Horticultural Breeding, pp. 327-334. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1083.41.
Şahin, A., & Erdoğan, Ü. 2022. Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa Michx Elliot) production and evaluation methods in the world and Turkey. Türk Tarım-Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 1(10), 81-85. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10i1.81-85.4547.
San José, MC., Blázquezi, N., Cernadas, MJ., Janeiro, LV., Cuenca, B., Sánchez, C., & Vidal, N. (2020). Temporary immersion systems to improve alder micropropagation. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 143, 265-275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-020-01937-9.
Sivanesan, I., Saini R. K., & Kim, D. H. (2016). Bioactive compounds in hyperhydric and normal micropropagated shoots of Aronia melanocarpa (michx.) Elliott. Industrial Crops and Products, 83, 31-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.12.042.
Uğur, S., & Mendi, YY. (2020). Türkiye’de doğal yayılış gösteren bazı eğrelti türlerinde gametofit evreden sporofit evreye geçiş sürecinin yeni nesıl biyoreaktör sistemi ile araştırılması. Alatarım, 19(1), 42-48.
Umarusman, MA., & Kaçar, YA. (2018). Farklı Keçiboynuzu (Ceratonia Siliqua L.) genotiplerinin klasik ve yeni nesil doku kültürü teknikleriyle mikroçoğaltımı. Tarım Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 11(2), 37-44.
Umarusman, MA., Şimşek, Ö., & Biçen, B. (2020). Farklı böğürtlen (Rubus fruticosus L.) çeşitlerinin klasik ve yeni nesil doku kültürü teknikleri ile mikroçoğaltım olanaklarının araştırılması. Alatarım, 9(2), 75-84.
Welander, M., Persson, J., Asp, H., & Zhu, LH. (2014). Evaluation of a new vessel system based on temporary immersion system for micropropagation. Scientia Horticulturae, 179, 227-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.scienta.2014.09.035.
Welander, M., Sayegh, A., Hagwalli, F., Kuznetsova, T., & Holefors, A. (2016). Technical improvement of a new bioreactor for large scale micropropagation of several Vaccinium cultivars. In XI International Vaccinium Symposium,1180 pp. 387-392. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2017.1180.53.
Zhang, B., Sarsaiya, S., Pan, X., Jin, L., Xu, D., Zhang, B., & Chen, J. (2018). Optimization of nutritional conditions using a temporary immersion bioreactor system for the growth of Bletilla striata pseudobulbs and accumulation of polysaccharides. Scientia Horticulturae, 240, 155-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.06.010.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Meyve Yetiştirme ve Islahı , Bahçe Bitkileri Yetiştirme ve Islahı (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Merve Karakoyun Mutluay
0000-0001-7438-4738
Türkiye

Şeyma Arıkan ^*
0000-0002-4328-0263
Türkiye

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

21 Ocak 2026

Yayımlanma Tarihi

21 Ocak 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

24 Şubat 2025

Kabul Tarihi

5 Eylül 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1644524

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA86UR38MM

Kaynak Göster

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Karakoyun Mutluay, M., & Arıkan, Ş. (2026). Determination of Shoot Regeneration Protocol in Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott) with New Generation Temporary Immersion Bioreactor System. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 29(2), 322-334. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1644524

Aronya (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott)’ da Yeni Nesil Geçici Daldırma Biyoreaktör Sistemi ile Sürgün Rejenerasyon Protokolünün Belirlenmesi

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Determination of Shoot Regeneration Protocol in Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott) with New Generation Temporary Immersion Bioreactor System

Abstract

Keywords

Destekleyen Kurum

Proje Numarası

Kaynakça

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Konular

Bölüm

Yazarlar

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

Gönderilme Tarihi

Kabul Tarihi

Yayımlandığı Sayı

DOI

IZ

Kaynak Göster

e-ISSN: 2619-9149