Araştırma Makalesi

Comparative Evaluation of Mechanical and Pneumatic Mixing Systems for Urea-Based Liquid Fertilizer Preparation: Performance, Stability, and Energy Analysis

Sayı: Advanced Online Publication Erken Görünüm Tarihi: 11 Nisan 2026
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Comparative Evaluation of Mechanical and Pneumatic Mixing Systems for Urea-Based Liquid Fertilizer Preparation: Performance, Stability, and Energy Analysis

Abstract

This study presents a comparative experimental investigation into the performance of one mechanical mixer (vertical shaft mixer, VSM) and three pneumatic mixing systems (B1, B2, B3) in the preparation of urea-based liquid fertilizer solutions. Key evaluation criteria included time to reach target pH, slope behavior of pH over time (dpH dt-1), pH stability, and energy consumption. All mixing trials were conducted using 20 kg of urea dissolved in 1 ton of water at ambient temperature (approximately 22–25 °C), providing a standardized baseline for evaluating system performance. Experimental data revealed that while the B1 pneumatic system achieved the fastest pH stabilization (460 s), it also exhibited notable instability in pH slope dynamics and had the highest energy consumption (0.19 kWh). In contrast, the VSM provided the most stable mixing behavior with minimal energy use (0.0555 kWh), although at a slower rate. The B2 system offered a balanced profile, stabilizing at 520 s with a moderate energy consumption of 0.133 kWh, while B3 reached stabilization in 570 s with slightly higher variability but improved energy efficiency over B1 (0.136 kWh). The B2 mixer emerged as an alternative, combining moderate mixing speed with acceptable energy efficiency and stability. Real-time slope analysis was found to be a useful metric for characterizing dynamic mixing performance. The findings underscore the trade-offs between speed, stability, and energy cost, providing practical guidance for selecting fertilizer mixing systems based on operational priorities. These results contribute to the optimization of fertigation technologies and support the development of efficient and reliable fertilizer preparation systems for precision agriculture.

Keywords

Destekleyen Kurum

Selçuk University Scientific Research Coordination Unit

Proje Numarası

24401057

Teşekkür

We would like to thank Selçuk University Scientific Research Coordination Unit for their support in this study

Kaynakça

  1. Aisham, B., & Rahim, A. (2019). Design of reservoir tanks modelling to mix several types of fertilizer for fertigation planting system: part b. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, International Conference on Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (ICME2018), Johor, Malaysia, 16–17 July 2018, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1150/1/012022
  2. Boydak, E., Şimşek, M., & Demirkıran, A. R. (2021). The Effects of Different Irrigation Levels and Nitrogen Rates on Peanut Yield and Quality in Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 24(2), 306-312. https://doi.org/10.18016/ ksutarimdoga.vi.763481
  3. Cai, M., Kagawa, T., & Kawashima, K. (2002). Energy conversion mechanics and power evaluation of compressible fluid in pneumatic actuator systems. 2002 37th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Washington, DC, USA, 12-14 July 2002, pp. 438-443. https://doi.org/10.1109/IECEC.2002.1392073
  4. Cheng, B., He, R., Xu, Y., & Zhang, X. (2022). Simulation Analysis and Test of Pneumatic Distribution Fertilizer Discharge System. Agronomy, 12(10), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102282
  5. Datla, R., Puli, R. K., Chandramohan, V., & Edwin Geo, V. (2019). Biodiesel production process, optimization and characterization of Azadirachta indica biodiesel in a VCR diesel engine. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 44, 10141-10154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-019-04072-6
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  8. Li, T., Zhang, S., Zhang, C., Zhang, G., Wei, M., Guo, H., & Shi, G. (2023). Research and Experiment on Efficient Mixing Modes of Different Forms of Water and Fertilizer. INMATEH Agricultural Engineering, 70(2), 287-298. https://doi.org/10.35633/inmateh-70-28

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Tarım Makineleri

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

11 Nisan 2026

Yayımlanma Tarihi

-

Gönderilme Tarihi

7 Mayıs 2025

Kabul Tarihi

31 Temmuz 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Sayı: Advanced Online Publication

Kaynak Göster

APA
Orhan, N., Kırılmaz, H., & Kurt, M. (2026). Comparative Evaluation of Mechanical and Pneumatic Mixing Systems for Urea-Based Liquid Fertilizer Preparation: Performance, Stability, and Energy Analysis. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, Advanced Online Publication, 1484-1493. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1694365

21082



2024-JIF = 0.500

2024-JCI = 0.14

Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi (International Peer Reviewed Journal)

       Dergimiz, herhangi bir başvuru veya yayımlama ücreti almamaktadır. (Free submission and publication)

      Yılda 6 sayı yayınlanır. (Published 6 times a year)


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