Verbascum cymigerum'dan yeşil sentezle üretilen gümüş nanopartiküller: In vitro biyoaktiviteler ve in silico değerlendirmeler

Sinem Yılmaz; Tevfik Ozen; Semiha Yenigün; Lütfi Behçet

doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1765099

EN TR

Silver nanoparticles generated by green synthesis from Verbascum cymigerum: In vitro bioactivities and in silico evaluations

Öz

Verbascum cymigerum Hub.-Mor. is an endemic species of the Verbascum genus of the Scrophulariaceae family, popularly known as the oxbow. This study is the first to investigate the biological activities of Verbascum cymigerum (VC) and its silver nanoparticle formulations. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant, antibacterial, DNA-protective, anti-inflammatory, and enzyme inhibitory activities of the aqueous (AQ) extract of VC and its synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Furthermore, the phenolic profile and content of the VC-AQ extract were characterized using LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. The peak shown at 440 nm in UV-vis showed that a nanoparticle was formed, and as seen in SEM and XRD, the particle size was 12.47 nm, and it had a face-centered cubic structure. It was determined that VC-AQ contained high amounts of rutin (815.40 µg/g). The DPPH˙ scavenging activity and urease inhibition potential of VC-AgNP (IC50, 4.43±1.88 µg/mL and 1.54±0.40 µg/mL, respectively) were higher than the used standards. The urease enzyme was shown to be strongly inhibited by the VC-AgNP model in both in vitro and in silico experiments. It was found that the DNA protection activity of VC-AgNP was more effective than the extract, with 88.77%. In addition, it was observed that VC-AgNP showed better antibacterial activity than the extract against B. cereus, but lower antibacterial activity than the antibiotic. Based on these results, VC-AgNPs exhibit significant potential for use as free radical scavengers, urease inhibitors, and DNA protective agents. These findings suggest that VC-AQ and VC-AgNPs hold significant potential for diverse industrial applications, providing a foundation for future research in these fields.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Proje Numarası

PYO.FEN.1914.22.002

Verbascum cymigerum'dan yeşil sentezle üretilen gümüş nanopartiküller: In vitro biyoaktiviteler ve in silico değerlendirmeler

Öz

Verbascum cymigerum Hub.-Mor. halk arasında öküz yayı olarak bilinen Scrophulariaceae familyasından Verbascum cinsinin endemik bir türüdür. Verbascum cymigerum (VC) ve gümüş nanopartikülü ile ilgili biyolojik aktivite çalışmalarını ilk kez incelenmeyi amaçladık. Bu çalışmada, VC'nin sulu (AQ) ekstresinin ve sentezlenen gümüş nanopartiküllerinin (AgNPs) antioksidan, antibakteriyel, DNA koruyucu, antiinflamatuar ve enzim inhibitör aktiviteleri değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, VC-AQ ekstresinin fenolik profili ve içeriği LC-ESI-MS/MS analizi kullanılarak karakterize edilmiştir. UV-görünür ışıkta 440 nm'de gösterilen pik, nanopartikülün oluştuğunu ve SEM ve XRD'de görüldüğü gibi partikül boyutunun 12.47 nm olduğunu ve yüzey merkezli kübik bir yapıya sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. VC-AQ'nun yüksek miktarda rutin (815.40 µg/g) içerdiği belirlenmiştir. VC-AgNP'nin DPPH˙ giderme aktivitesi ve üreaz inhibisyon potansiyeli (IC50, 4.43±1.88 µg/mL ve 1.54±0.40 µg/mL) kullanılan standartlardan daha yüksek olarak saptanmıştır. Üreaz enziminin hem in vitro hem de in silico deneylerde VC-AgNP modeli tarafından güçlü bir şekilde inhibe edildiği bulundu. VC-AgNP'nin DNA koruma aktivitesinin %88.77 ile ekstreden daha etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, VC-AgNP'nin B. cereus'a karşı ekstreden daha iyi antibakteriyel aktivite gösterdiği, ancak antibiyotikten daha düşük antibakteriyel aktivite gösterdiği belirlendi. Bu sonuçlara dayanarak, VC-AgNPs'nin serbest radikal temizleyici, üreaz inhibitörü ve DNA koruyucu madde olarak kullanım açısından önemli bir potansiyel gösterdiği görülmektedir. Bu bulgular, VC-AQ ve VC-AgNPs'nin çeşitli endüstriyel uygulamalar için önemli bir potansiyel taşıdığını ve bu alanlardaki gelecekteki araştırmalar için bir temel oluşturduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi

Proje Numarası

PYO.FEN.1914.22.002

Etik Beyan

Etik izin kullanılmadı

Teşekkür

Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, BAPKOB

Kaynakça

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Zengin, G., Yagi, S., Kopjar, M., Ćorković, I., Uba, A. I., Yildiztugay, E., Kumar, S., Rengasamy, K. R., AlDhaheri, Y., & Eid, A. H. (2023). A comparative study on chemical profiles and biological activities of different extracts of three Verbascum species from Turkey: in vitro, in silico and network pharmacological approaches. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 52, 102834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102834
Zerner, B. (1991). Recent advances in the chemistry of an old enzyme, urease. Bioorganic Chemistry, 19(1), 116-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-2068(91)90048-T
Zhang, L., Mulrooney, S. B., Leung, A. F., Zeng, Y., Ko, B. B., Hausinger, R. P., & Sun, H. (2006). Inhibition of urease by bismuth (III): implications for the mechanism of action of bismuth drugs. Biometals, 19(5), 503-511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-005-5449-0

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Türkçe

Konular

Farmasotik Botanik

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Sinem Yılmaz
0009-0009-2299-0192
Türkiye

Tevfik Ozen ^*
0000-0003-0133-5630
Türkiye

Semiha Yenigün
0000-0002-1979-5427
Türkiye

Lütfi Behçet
0000-0001-8334-7816
Türkiye

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

20 Eylül 2026

Yayımlanma Tarihi

-

Gönderilme Tarihi

16 Ağustos 2025

Kabul Tarihi

11 Mayıs 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Sayı: Advanced Online Publication

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1765099

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA64WR39MM

Kaynak Göster

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Yılmaz, S., Ozen, T., Yenigün, S., & Behçet, L. (2026). Verbascum cymigerum’dan yeşil sentezle üretilen gümüş nanopartiküller: In vitro biyoaktiviteler ve in silico değerlendirmeler. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, Advanced Online Publication, 34-50. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1765099

AMA

1.Yılmaz S, Ozen T, Yenigün S, Behçet L. Verbascum cymigerum’dan yeşil sentezle üretilen gümüş nanopartiküller: In vitro biyoaktiviteler ve in silico değerlendirmeler. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi. 2026;(Advanced Online Publication):34-50. doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1765099

Chicago

Yılmaz, Sinem, Tevfik Ozen, Semiha Yenigün, ve Lütfi Behçet. 2026. “Verbascum cymigerum’dan yeşil sentezle üretilen gümüş nanopartiküller: In vitro biyoaktiviteler ve in silico değerlendirmeler”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, sy Advanced Online Publication: 34-50. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1765099.

EndNote

Yılmaz S, Ozen T, Yenigün S, Behçet L (01 Eylül 2026) Verbascum cymigerum’dan yeşil sentezle üretilen gümüş nanopartiküller: In vitro biyoaktiviteler ve in silico değerlendirmeler. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi Advanced Online Publication 34–50.

IEEE

[1]S. Yılmaz, T. Ozen, S. Yenigün, ve L. Behçet, “Verbascum cymigerum’dan yeşil sentezle üretilen gümüş nanopartiküller: In vitro biyoaktiviteler ve in silico değerlendirmeler”, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, sy Advanced Online Publication, ss. 34–50, Eyl. 2026, doi: 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1765099.

ISNAD

Yılmaz, Sinem - Ozen, Tevfik - Yenigün, Semiha - Behçet, Lütfi. “Verbascum cymigerum’dan yeşil sentezle üretilen gümüş nanopartiküller: In vitro biyoaktiviteler ve in silico değerlendirmeler”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi. Advanced Online Publication (01 Eylül 2026): 34-50. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1765099.

JAMA

1.Yılmaz S, Ozen T, Yenigün S, Behçet L. Verbascum cymigerum’dan yeşil sentezle üretilen gümüş nanopartiküller: In vitro biyoaktiviteler ve in silico değerlendirmeler. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi. 2026;:34–50.

MLA

Yılmaz, Sinem, vd. “Verbascum cymigerum’dan yeşil sentezle üretilen gümüş nanopartiküller: In vitro biyoaktiviteler ve in silico değerlendirmeler”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, sy Advanced Online Publication, Eylül 2026, ss. 34-50, doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1765099.

Vancouver

1.Sinem Yılmaz, Tevfik Ozen, Semiha Yenigün, Lütfi Behçet. Verbascum cymigerum’dan yeşil sentezle üretilen gümüş nanopartiküller: In vitro biyoaktiviteler ve in silico değerlendirmeler. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi. 01 Eylül 2026;(Advanced Online Publication):34-50. doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1765099

Silver nanoparticles generated by green synthesis from Verbascum cymigerum: In vitro bioactivities and in silico evaluations

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Proje Numarası

Verbascum cymigerum'dan yeşil sentezle üretilen gümüş nanopartiküller: In vitro biyoaktiviteler ve in silico değerlendirmeler

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

Proje Numarası

Etik Beyan

Teşekkür

Kaynakça

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Konular

Bölüm

Yazarlar

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

Gönderilme Tarihi

Kabul Tarihi

Yayımlandığı Sayı

DOI

IZ

Kaynak Göster

e-ISSN: 2619-9149