Yabani Yenilebilir Bir Mantar Olan Lycoperdon molle Pers.'nin Antioksidan ve Antigenotoksik Potansiyeli
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 22 Sayı: 5, 724 - 732, 31.10.2019
Buğrahan Emsen
,
Büşranur Güven
Abdullah Kaya
Öz
Mevcut çalışmada, yenilebilir önemli mantar türlerinden biri olan Pers.'nin kültüre edilmiş insan periferal lenfositleri üzerindeki antioksidan ve antigenotoksik etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlamıştır. Kurutulmuş taze L. molle'den elde edilen metanol (LMME)
ve su (LMSE) ekstraktlarının farklı konsantrasyonları (1-100 mg/L) ile muamele edilen hücrelerdeki toplam oksidan durum (TOD) ve toplam antioksidan kapasite (TAK) değişimleri test edilmiştir. Bu analizlerin sonucunda, LMME ve LMSE'nin 100 mg/L'lik konsantrasyonun hücrelerdeki TOD oranını negatif kontrole kıyasla 0.05 düzeyinde yükselttiği belirlenmiştir. Her iki ekstraktın 1-25 mg/L konsantrasyonlu uygulamalarının sebep olduğu TAK düzeylerinin negatif kontrol grubu tarafından ortaya çıkarılan TAK oranından yüksek oldukları tespit edilmiştir. İlgili ekstraktların hücreler üzerinde genetik hasar oluşturma düzeyleri mikronükleus (MN) ve kromozom aberasyonu (KA) testleri ile belirlenmiştir. Her iki ekstrakt grubunda da 50 ve 100 mg/L konsantrasyonlu uygulamalar haricindeki denemelerin sebep oldukları MN ve KA frekanslarının negatif kontrole kıyasla istatistiksel açıdan (p > 0.05)
farklı olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.
Destekleyen Kurum
Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP) Birimi
Teşekkür
Bu çalışma Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP) Birimi tarafından 13-YL-17 numaralı proje ile desteklenmiştir. Desteklerinden dolayı Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi BAP Birimi'ne teşekkür ederiz.
Kaynakça
- Al-Habib MN, Holliday J, Aladahmy MS 2018. Psathyrella candolleana and Agaricus bisporus Extracts Provide Protection against DNA Oxidative Damage Induced by Doxorubicin. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 20(8): 749–759.
- Bartesaghi S, Radi R 2018. Fundamentals on the Biochemistry of Peroxynitrite and Protein Tyrosine Nitration. Redox Biology, 14: 618–625.
- Boa E. 2004. Wild Edible Fungi, a Global Overview of Their Use and Importance to People, Non-Wood Forest Products, Rome.
- Breitenbach J, Kränzlin F 1995. Fungi of Switzerland, Verlag Mykologia, Lucerne.
- Chang ST, Wasser SP 2012. The Role of Culinary-Medicinal Mushrooms on Human Welfare with a Pyramid Model for Human Health. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 14(2): 95–134.
- Chen B-X, Wei T, Ye Z-W, Yun F, Kang L-Z, Tang H-B, Guo L-Q, Lin J-F 2018. Efficient CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Disruption System in Edible-Medicinal Mushroom Cordyceps militaris. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9(JUN): 1157.
- Chen J-L, Li Y, Lu K-K, Xia C-Y, Zhang X-L, Ming J 2016. Effects of Grinding Methods on the Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Phenolics in Mushroom Caps (Lentinus edodes). Modern Food Science and Technology, 32(12): 191–197.
- Cheung PCK 2010. The Nutritional and Health Benefits of Mushrooms. Nutrition Bulletin, 35: 292–299.
- Desjardin DE, Wood MG, Stevens FA 2014. California Mushrooms: The Compherensive Identification Guide, Timber Press, London.
- Emsen B, Aslan A, Kaya A 2018. Biological Activities of Platismatia glauca (L.) W.L.Culb. & C.F.Culb. on Human Lymphocytes. Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 22(2): 840–848.
- Erel O 2004. A Novel Automated Direct Measurement Method for Total Antioxidant Capacity Using a New Generation, More Stable ABTS Radical Cation. Clinical Biochemistry, 37(4): 277–285.
- Erel O 2005. A New Automated Colorimetric Method for Measuring Total Oxidant Status. Clinical Biochemistry, 38(12): 1103–1111.
- Fuchs-Tarlovsky V 2013. Role of Antioxidants in Cancer Therapy. Nutrition, 29(1): 15–21.
- Gallelli CA, Calcagnini S, Romano A, Koczwara JB, de Ceglia M, Dante D, Villani R, Giudetti AM, Cassano T, Gaetani S 2018. Modulation of the Oxidative Stress and Lipid
Peroxidation by Endocannabinoids and Their Lipid Analogues. Antioxidants, 7(7): 93.
- Guillamón E, García-Lafuente A, Lozano M, Arrigo M, Rostagno MA, Villares A, Martínez JA 2010. Edible Mushrooms: Role in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases. Fitoterapia, 81: 715–723.
- Guizani N, Waly MI 2012. Mushroom Extract Protects against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Toxicity in Hepatic and Neuronal Human Cultured Cells. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 15(22): 1069–1074.
- Jiang Y, Wong JH, Fu M, Ng TB, Liu ZK, Wang CR, Li N, Qiao WT, Wen TY, Liu F 2011. Isolation of Adenosine, Iso-Sinensetin and Dimethylguanosine with Antioxidant and HIV-1 Protease Inhibiting Activities from Fruiting Bodies of Cordyceps militaris. Phytomedicine, 18(2–3): 189–193.
- Jovanovic JA, Mihailovic M, Uskokovic AS, Grdovic N, Dinic S, Poznanovic G, Mujic I, Vidakovic M 2017. Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antiglycation Effects of Lactarius deterrimus and Castanea sativa Extracts on Hepatorenal Injury in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8(OCT): 793.
- Kaygusuz O, Kaygusuz M, Dodurga Y, Seçme M, Herken EN, Gezer K 2017. Assessment of the Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of the Wild Edible Mushroom Agaricus lanipes (F.H. Møller & Jul. Schäff.) Hlaváček. Cytotechnology, 69(1): 135–144.
- Khatua S, Acharya K 2018. Functional Ingredients and Medicinal Prospects of Ethanol Extract from Macrocybe lobayensis. Pharmacognosy Journal, 10(6): 1154–1158.
- Khatua S, Ghosh S, Acharya K 2017. Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.) Murr. as Food as Medicine. Pharmacognosy Journal, 9(6): S1–S15.
- Kulshreshtha S, Mathur N, Bhatnagar P 2011. Pros and Cons of P. florida Cultivation for Managing Waste of Handmade Paper and Cardboard Industries. IIOAB Journal, 2(1): 45–48.
- Liaudet L, Rosenblatt-Velin N, Pacher P 2013. Role of Peroxynitrite in the Cardiovascular Dysfunction of Septic Shock. Current Vascular Pharmacology, 11(2): 196–207.
- Liu Y, Du YQ, Wang JH, Zha XQ, Zhang JB 2014. Structural Analysis and Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharide Isolated from Jinqian Mushroom. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 64: 63–68.
- López-Jaén AB, Valls-Bellésa V, Codoñer-Franch P 2013. Antioxidants: A Review. Journal of Pediatric Biochemistry, 3(3): 123–128.
- Manzi P, Gambelli L, Marconi S, Vivanti V, Pizzoferrato L 1999. Nutrients in Edible Mushrooms: An Interspecies Comparative Study. Food Chemistry, 65: 477–482.
- Nallathamby N, Phan C-W, Seow SL-S, Baskaran A, Lakshmanan H, Abd Malek SN, Sabaratnam V 2018. A Status Review of the Bioactive Activities of Tiger Milk Mushroom Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8(JAN): 998.
- Nisar J, Mustafa I, Anwar H, Sohail MU, Hussain G, Ullah MI, Faisal MN, Bukhari SA, Basit A 2017. Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes): A Species with Antioxidant, Immunomodulatory, and Hepato protective Activities in Hypercholesterolemic Rats. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 19(11): 981–990.
- Oke F, Aslim B 2011. Protective Effect of Two Edible Mushrooms against Oxidative Cell Damage and Their Phenolic Composition. Food Chemistry, 128(3): 613–619.
- Pachón-Peña G, Reyes-Zurita FJ, Deffieux G, Azqueta A, de Cerain AL, Centelles JJ, Creppy EE, Cascante M 2009. Antiproliferative Effect of Flavomannin-6,6′-Dimethylether from Tricholoma Equestre on Caco-2 Cells. Toxicology, 264(3): 192–197.
- Panthong S, Boonsathorn N, Chuchawankul S 2016. Antioxidant Activity, Anti-Proliferative Activity, and Amino Acid Profiles of Ethanolic Extracts of Edible Mushrooms. Genetics and Molecular Research, 15(4): gmr15048886.
- Popescu M-L, Costea T, Nencu I, Duţu LE, Gîrd CE 2016. Polyphenols Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Some Romanian Wild Edible Mushrooms. Farmacia, 64(2): 231–236.
- Radaković M, Stevanović J, Soković M, Radović D, Van Griensven LJLD, Stanimirović Z 2015. Evaluation of the Antigenotoxic Effects of the Royal Sun Mushroom, Agaricus brasiliensis (Higher Basidiomycetes) in Human Lymphocytes Treated with Thymol in the Comet Assay. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 17(4): 321–330.
- Rocha M, Hernandez-Mijares A, Garcia-Malpartida K, Bañuls C, Bellod L, Victor VM 2010. Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant Peptides. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 16(28): 3124–3131.
- Sadi G, Kaya A, Yalcin HA, Emsen B, Kocabas A, Kartal DI, Altay A 2016. Wild Edible Mushrooms from Turkey as Possible Anticancer Agents on HepG2 Cells Together with Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 18(1): 83–95.
- Sevindik M 2018. Investigation of Oxidant and Antioxidant Status of Edible Mushroom Clavariadelphus truncatus. The Journal of Fungus, 9(2): 165–168.
- Sohaib M, Anjum FM, Sahar A, Arshad MS, Rahman UU, Imran A, Hussain S 2017. Antioxidant Proteins and Peptides to Enhance the Oxidative Stability of Meat and Meat Products: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Food Properties, 20(11): 2581–2593.
- Sorimachi K, Koge T 2008. Agaricus blazei Water Extracts as Alternative Medicines. Current Pharmaceutical Analysis, 4(1): 39–43.
- Sun L-P, Chang W-D, Bao C-J, Su X-J, Sun Y 2016. Nutritive Components and Antioxidative Characteristics of Six Wild Edible Boletus Mushrooms from Yunnan Province. Modern Food Science and Technology, 32(12): 279–286.
- Sze SCW, Ho JCK, Liu WK 2004. Volvariella volvacea Lectin Activates Mouse T Lymphocytes by a Calcium Dependent Pathway. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 92(6): 1193–1202.
- Turkez H, Aydin E, Aslan A 2012. Xanthoria elegans (Link) (Lichen) Extract Counteracts DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress of Mitomycin C in Human Lymphocytes. Cytotechnology, 64(6): 679–686.
- Usharani N, Jayakumar GC, Kanth S V., Rao JR 2013. ‘In Vitro’ Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity in Relation with Structure and Kinetic Properties of Scleraldehyde. Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre, 2(1): 22–29.
- Valko M, Jomova K, Rhodes CJ, Kuča K, Musílek K 2016. Redox- and Non-Redox-Metal-Induced Formation of Free Radicals and Their Role in Human Disease. Archives of Toxicology, 90(1): 1–37.
- Vasiljevic J, Zivkovic L, Cabarkapa A, Bajic V, Djelic N, Spremo-Potparevic B 2016. Cordyceps sinensis: Genotoxic Potential in Human Peripheral Blood Cells and Antigenotoxic Properties against Hydrogen Peroxide by Comet Assay. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 22(8): 24–31.
- Wang C, Lin D, Chen Q, Lin S, Shi S, Chen C 2018. Polysaccharide Peptide Isolated from Grass-Cultured Ganoderma lucidum Induces Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects in the Human U251 Glioma Cell Line. Oncology Letters, 15(4): 4330–4336.
- Wang CR, Zhou R, Ng TB, Wong JH, Qiao WT, Liu F 2014. First Report on Isolation of Methyl Gallate with Antioxidant, Anti-HIV-1 and HIV-1 Enzyme Inhibitory Activities from a Mushroom (Pholiota adiposa). Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 37(2): 626–637.
- Wojcik M, Burzynska-Pedziwiatr I, Wozniak LA 2010. A Review of Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants Important for Health and Longevity. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 17(28): 3262–3288.
- Yang X, Song W, Liu N, Sun Z, Liu R, Liu QS, Zhou Q, Jiang G 2018. Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants Cause Perturbation in Steroidogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo. Environmental Science and Technology, 52(2): 850–858.
- Yeh J, Hsieh L, Wu K, Tsai C 2011. Antioxidant Properties and Antioxidant Compounds of Various Extracts from the Edible Basidiomycete Grifola frondosa (Maitake). Molecules, 16: 3197–3211.
Antioxidant and Antigenotoxic Potential of Lycoperdon molle Pers., a Wild Edible Mushroom
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 22 Sayı: 5, 724 - 732, 31.10.2019
Buğrahan Emsen
,
Büşranur Güven
Abdullah Kaya
Öz
In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antigenotoxic
effects of Lycoperdon molle Pers.,
one of the important edible mushroom species, on cultured human peripheral
lymphocytes. Total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)
changes in the cells treated with different concentrations (1-100 mg/L) of
methanol (LMME) and water (LMWE) extracts from dried fresh L. molle were tested. In the results of these analyses determined
that the concentration of 100 mg/L of LMME and LMWE increased the TOS ratio in
the cells at the level of p < 0.05
compared to the negative control. TAC levels caused by the applications of both
extracts with 1-25 mg/L concentration were found to be higher than the TAC
ratio, revealed by the negative control group. The levels of genetic damage of
the respective extracts on the cells were determined by micronucleus (MN) and
chromosome aberration (CA) tests. In both extract groups revealed that MN and
CA frequencies which were caused by experiments other than 50 and 100 mg/L
concentrations were not statistically (p
> 0.05) different from negative control.
Kaynakça
- Al-Habib MN, Holliday J, Aladahmy MS 2018. Psathyrella candolleana and Agaricus bisporus Extracts Provide Protection against DNA Oxidative Damage Induced by Doxorubicin. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 20(8): 749–759.
- Bartesaghi S, Radi R 2018. Fundamentals on the Biochemistry of Peroxynitrite and Protein Tyrosine Nitration. Redox Biology, 14: 618–625.
- Boa E. 2004. Wild Edible Fungi, a Global Overview of Their Use and Importance to People, Non-Wood Forest Products, Rome.
- Breitenbach J, Kränzlin F 1995. Fungi of Switzerland, Verlag Mykologia, Lucerne.
- Chang ST, Wasser SP 2012. The Role of Culinary-Medicinal Mushrooms on Human Welfare with a Pyramid Model for Human Health. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 14(2): 95–134.
- Chen B-X, Wei T, Ye Z-W, Yun F, Kang L-Z, Tang H-B, Guo L-Q, Lin J-F 2018. Efficient CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Disruption System in Edible-Medicinal Mushroom Cordyceps militaris. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9(JUN): 1157.
- Chen J-L, Li Y, Lu K-K, Xia C-Y, Zhang X-L, Ming J 2016. Effects of Grinding Methods on the Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Phenolics in Mushroom Caps (Lentinus edodes). Modern Food Science and Technology, 32(12): 191–197.
- Cheung PCK 2010. The Nutritional and Health Benefits of Mushrooms. Nutrition Bulletin, 35: 292–299.
- Desjardin DE, Wood MG, Stevens FA 2014. California Mushrooms: The Compherensive Identification Guide, Timber Press, London.
- Emsen B, Aslan A, Kaya A 2018. Biological Activities of Platismatia glauca (L.) W.L.Culb. & C.F.Culb. on Human Lymphocytes. Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 22(2): 840–848.
- Erel O 2004. A Novel Automated Direct Measurement Method for Total Antioxidant Capacity Using a New Generation, More Stable ABTS Radical Cation. Clinical Biochemistry, 37(4): 277–285.
- Erel O 2005. A New Automated Colorimetric Method for Measuring Total Oxidant Status. Clinical Biochemistry, 38(12): 1103–1111.
- Fuchs-Tarlovsky V 2013. Role of Antioxidants in Cancer Therapy. Nutrition, 29(1): 15–21.
- Gallelli CA, Calcagnini S, Romano A, Koczwara JB, de Ceglia M, Dante D, Villani R, Giudetti AM, Cassano T, Gaetani S 2018. Modulation of the Oxidative Stress and Lipid
Peroxidation by Endocannabinoids and Their Lipid Analogues. Antioxidants, 7(7): 93.
- Guillamón E, García-Lafuente A, Lozano M, Arrigo M, Rostagno MA, Villares A, Martínez JA 2010. Edible Mushrooms: Role in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases. Fitoterapia, 81: 715–723.
- Guizani N, Waly MI 2012. Mushroom Extract Protects against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Toxicity in Hepatic and Neuronal Human Cultured Cells. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 15(22): 1069–1074.
- Jiang Y, Wong JH, Fu M, Ng TB, Liu ZK, Wang CR, Li N, Qiao WT, Wen TY, Liu F 2011. Isolation of Adenosine, Iso-Sinensetin and Dimethylguanosine with Antioxidant and HIV-1 Protease Inhibiting Activities from Fruiting Bodies of Cordyceps militaris. Phytomedicine, 18(2–3): 189–193.
- Jovanovic JA, Mihailovic M, Uskokovic AS, Grdovic N, Dinic S, Poznanovic G, Mujic I, Vidakovic M 2017. Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antiglycation Effects of Lactarius deterrimus and Castanea sativa Extracts on Hepatorenal Injury in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8(OCT): 793.
- Kaygusuz O, Kaygusuz M, Dodurga Y, Seçme M, Herken EN, Gezer K 2017. Assessment of the Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of the Wild Edible Mushroom Agaricus lanipes (F.H. Møller & Jul. Schäff.) Hlaváček. Cytotechnology, 69(1): 135–144.
- Khatua S, Acharya K 2018. Functional Ingredients and Medicinal Prospects of Ethanol Extract from Macrocybe lobayensis. Pharmacognosy Journal, 10(6): 1154–1158.
- Khatua S, Ghosh S, Acharya K 2017. Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.) Murr. as Food as Medicine. Pharmacognosy Journal, 9(6): S1–S15.
- Kulshreshtha S, Mathur N, Bhatnagar P 2011. Pros and Cons of P. florida Cultivation for Managing Waste of Handmade Paper and Cardboard Industries. IIOAB Journal, 2(1): 45–48.
- Liaudet L, Rosenblatt-Velin N, Pacher P 2013. Role of Peroxynitrite in the Cardiovascular Dysfunction of Septic Shock. Current Vascular Pharmacology, 11(2): 196–207.
- Liu Y, Du YQ, Wang JH, Zha XQ, Zhang JB 2014. Structural Analysis and Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharide Isolated from Jinqian Mushroom. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 64: 63–68.
- López-Jaén AB, Valls-Bellésa V, Codoñer-Franch P 2013. Antioxidants: A Review. Journal of Pediatric Biochemistry, 3(3): 123–128.
- Manzi P, Gambelli L, Marconi S, Vivanti V, Pizzoferrato L 1999. Nutrients in Edible Mushrooms: An Interspecies Comparative Study. Food Chemistry, 65: 477–482.
- Nallathamby N, Phan C-W, Seow SL-S, Baskaran A, Lakshmanan H, Abd Malek SN, Sabaratnam V 2018. A Status Review of the Bioactive Activities of Tiger Milk Mushroom Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8(JAN): 998.
- Nisar J, Mustafa I, Anwar H, Sohail MU, Hussain G, Ullah MI, Faisal MN, Bukhari SA, Basit A 2017. Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes): A Species with Antioxidant, Immunomodulatory, and Hepato protective Activities in Hypercholesterolemic Rats. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 19(11): 981–990.
- Oke F, Aslim B 2011. Protective Effect of Two Edible Mushrooms against Oxidative Cell Damage and Their Phenolic Composition. Food Chemistry, 128(3): 613–619.
- Pachón-Peña G, Reyes-Zurita FJ, Deffieux G, Azqueta A, de Cerain AL, Centelles JJ, Creppy EE, Cascante M 2009. Antiproliferative Effect of Flavomannin-6,6′-Dimethylether from Tricholoma Equestre on Caco-2 Cells. Toxicology, 264(3): 192–197.
- Panthong S, Boonsathorn N, Chuchawankul S 2016. Antioxidant Activity, Anti-Proliferative Activity, and Amino Acid Profiles of Ethanolic Extracts of Edible Mushrooms. Genetics and Molecular Research, 15(4): gmr15048886.
- Popescu M-L, Costea T, Nencu I, Duţu LE, Gîrd CE 2016. Polyphenols Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Some Romanian Wild Edible Mushrooms. Farmacia, 64(2): 231–236.
- Radaković M, Stevanović J, Soković M, Radović D, Van Griensven LJLD, Stanimirović Z 2015. Evaluation of the Antigenotoxic Effects of the Royal Sun Mushroom, Agaricus brasiliensis (Higher Basidiomycetes) in Human Lymphocytes Treated with Thymol in the Comet Assay. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 17(4): 321–330.
- Rocha M, Hernandez-Mijares A, Garcia-Malpartida K, Bañuls C, Bellod L, Victor VM 2010. Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant Peptides. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 16(28): 3124–3131.
- Sadi G, Kaya A, Yalcin HA, Emsen B, Kocabas A, Kartal DI, Altay A 2016. Wild Edible Mushrooms from Turkey as Possible Anticancer Agents on HepG2 Cells Together with Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 18(1): 83–95.
- Sevindik M 2018. Investigation of Oxidant and Antioxidant Status of Edible Mushroom Clavariadelphus truncatus. The Journal of Fungus, 9(2): 165–168.
- Sohaib M, Anjum FM, Sahar A, Arshad MS, Rahman UU, Imran A, Hussain S 2017. Antioxidant Proteins and Peptides to Enhance the Oxidative Stability of Meat and Meat Products: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal of Food Properties, 20(11): 2581–2593.
- Sorimachi K, Koge T 2008. Agaricus blazei Water Extracts as Alternative Medicines. Current Pharmaceutical Analysis, 4(1): 39–43.
- Sun L-P, Chang W-D, Bao C-J, Su X-J, Sun Y 2016. Nutritive Components and Antioxidative Characteristics of Six Wild Edible Boletus Mushrooms from Yunnan Province. Modern Food Science and Technology, 32(12): 279–286.
- Sze SCW, Ho JCK, Liu WK 2004. Volvariella volvacea Lectin Activates Mouse T Lymphocytes by a Calcium Dependent Pathway. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 92(6): 1193–1202.
- Turkez H, Aydin E, Aslan A 2012. Xanthoria elegans (Link) (Lichen) Extract Counteracts DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress of Mitomycin C in Human Lymphocytes. Cytotechnology, 64(6): 679–686.
- Usharani N, Jayakumar GC, Kanth S V., Rao JR 2013. ‘In Vitro’ Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity in Relation with Structure and Kinetic Properties of Scleraldehyde. Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre, 2(1): 22–29.
- Valko M, Jomova K, Rhodes CJ, Kuča K, Musílek K 2016. Redox- and Non-Redox-Metal-Induced Formation of Free Radicals and Their Role in Human Disease. Archives of Toxicology, 90(1): 1–37.
- Vasiljevic J, Zivkovic L, Cabarkapa A, Bajic V, Djelic N, Spremo-Potparevic B 2016. Cordyceps sinensis: Genotoxic Potential in Human Peripheral Blood Cells and Antigenotoxic Properties against Hydrogen Peroxide by Comet Assay. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 22(8): 24–31.
- Wang C, Lin D, Chen Q, Lin S, Shi S, Chen C 2018. Polysaccharide Peptide Isolated from Grass-Cultured Ganoderma lucidum Induces Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects in the Human U251 Glioma Cell Line. Oncology Letters, 15(4): 4330–4336.
- Wang CR, Zhou R, Ng TB, Wong JH, Qiao WT, Liu F 2014. First Report on Isolation of Methyl Gallate with Antioxidant, Anti-HIV-1 and HIV-1 Enzyme Inhibitory Activities from a Mushroom (Pholiota adiposa). Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 37(2): 626–637.
- Wojcik M, Burzynska-Pedziwiatr I, Wozniak LA 2010. A Review of Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants Important for Health and Longevity. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 17(28): 3262–3288.
- Yang X, Song W, Liu N, Sun Z, Liu R, Liu QS, Zhou Q, Jiang G 2018. Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants Cause Perturbation in Steroidogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo. Environmental Science and Technology, 52(2): 850–858.
- Yeh J, Hsieh L, Wu K, Tsai C 2011. Antioxidant Properties and Antioxidant Compounds of Various Extracts from the Edible Basidiomycete Grifola frondosa (Maitake). Molecules, 16: 3197–3211.