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A Mixed Frigoribacterium faeni and Lactococcus garvieae Infection in Cultured Rainbow Trout (O. mykiss)

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 6, 1569 - 1577, 31.12.2020

Tülay Akaylı , Özgür Çanak , Remziye Yardımcı , Çiğdem Ürkü , Dilek Ökmen

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.707820
Cited By: 4

Öz

The aim of this study was to diagnose the bacterial pathogens of moribund rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared in a dam-lake cage farm located in the Black Sea Region of Turkey and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility and histopathological effects by using routine bacteriological, histopathological and molecular methods. Besides possibility of the use of two probiotics against these pathogens for the prevention of further infections was investigated. In this study, a mixed bacterial infection case caused by Frigoribacterium faeni and Lactococcus garvieae was diagnosed in rainbow trout samples of 100-250 g with general clinical and histopathological symptoms of bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia. Pathogens were found to be resistant against most of the antibiotics tested and the possibility of the use of Bacillus subtilis as a probiotic to prevent diseases caused by these pathogens was proposed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fish histopathology Frigoribacterium faeni Lactococcus garvieae Bacillus subtilis Antibiotic susceptibility

Destekleyen Kurum

İstanbul Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi

Proje Numarası

FBA-2018-28476

Teşekkür

This study was approved by the Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee of Istanbul University. This study was supported by Istanbul University Research Projects coordination unit with the project number: FBA-2018-28476. As a part of this long-term project, The authors also would like to thank the staff of the fish farms for their valuable helps during field sampling.

Kaynakça

  • Akbulut B, Kurtoğlu İZ, Üstündağ E, Aksungur M 2009. Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde Balık Yetiştiriciliğinin Tarihsel Gelişimi ve Gelecek Projeksiyonu. Journal of Fisheries Science, 3(2):76- 85.
  • Akşit D, Kum C 2008. Gökkuşağı alabalıkları (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W. 1792)’nda Sık Görülen Patojen Mikroorganizmaların Tespiti ve Antibiyotik Duyarlılık Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi. Van Vet J, 19(1):1-7.
  • Altun S, Diler A, Diler Ö, Başak K, Işıklı B 2005. Histopathology of Streptococcosis in Rainbow Trout. B Eur Assoc Fish Pat, 25(3):131-135.
  • Altun S, Onuk EE, Çiftçi A, Büyükekiz AG, Duman M 2013. Phenotypic, Genotypic Characterisation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Determination of Lactococcus garvieae Strains. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak, 19(3):375-381.
  • Ashraf A 2000. Probiotics in Fish Farming-Evaluation of a Candidate Bacterial Mixture, Licentiate thesis, University of Umea.
  • Austin B, Austin DA 2016. Bacterial Fish Pathogens, Diseases of Farmed and Wild Fish, 6th Edition. Springer Publishing, Dordrecht, 978-3-319-32674-0. Pages: 41-48
  • Avcı H, Aydoğan A, Tanrıkul TT, Birincioğlu SS 2010. Pathological and Microbiological Investigations in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Naturally Infected with Lactococcus garvieae. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak, 16:313-318.
  • Avcı H, Birincioğlu SS, Tanrıkul TT, Epikmen ET, Metin N, Avsever ML 2014. Experimental Lactococcus garvieae Infection in Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792: a Comparative Histopathological and Immuno- histochemical Study. J Fish Dis, 37(5):481-495.
  • Balta F, Balta ZD 2019. The Isolation of Lactococcus garvieae from Eyes of Diseased Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with Exopthalmia. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 4(1):27-33.
  • Bhunia AK, Johnson MC, Ray B 1988. Purification, Characterization and Antimicrobial Spectrum of Bacteriocin Produced by Pediococcus acidilactici. J Appl Microbiol, 65:261-268.
  • Burr G, Gathlin D 2005. Microbial Ecology of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Fish and the Potential Application of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Finfish Aquaculture. J World Aquacult Soc, 36:425- 436.
  • Carbajal-Gonzalez MT, Fregeneda-Grandes JM, Suarez-Ramos S, Cadenas FR, Aller-Gancedo JM 2011. Bacterial Skin Flora Variation and invitro Inhibitory Activity Against Saprolegnia parasitica in Brown and Rainbow Trout. Dis Aquat Organ, 96:125-135.
  • Chang PH, Lin CW, Lee YC 2002. Lactococcus garvieae Infection of Cultured Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, in Taiwan and Associated Biophysical Characteristics and Histopathology. B Eur Assoc Fish Pat, 22(5):319-327.
  • Diler Ö, Altun S, Adiloğlu A, Kubilay A, Işıklı B 2002. First Occurrence of Streptococcosis Affecting Farmed Rainbow Trout in Turkey. B Eur Assoc Fish Pat, 22(1):21-26.
  • Didinen BI, Yardımcı B, Onuk EE, Metin S, Yıldırım P 2014. Naturally Lactococcus garvieae Infection in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss Walbaum, 1792): New Histopathological Observations, Phenotypic and Molecular Identification. Rev Med Vet-Toulouse, 165:12-19.
  • Durmaz Y, Kılıçoğlu Y 2015. Bir Alabalık Çiftliğinde Doğal Enfekte Gökkuşağı Alabalıklarından (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) Lactococcus garvieae’nin Kültür ve PCR ile Saptanması ve Etkenin Antibiyotik Duyarlılık Profillerinin Belirlenmesi. Atatürk University J Vet Sci, 10(2):109-115.
  • Emre Y, Okumuş İ, Maltaş Ö 2007. Trout Farming In: Marine Aquaculture in Turkey, TUDAV, İstanbul, 978-975-8825-18-9.
  • Evans JJ, Klesius PH, Schoemaker CA 2009. First Isolation and Characterization of Lactococcus garvieae from Brazilian Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) and Pintado, Pseudoplathystoma corruscans. J Fish Dis, 32:943-951.
  • Evtushenko LI, Takeuchi M 2006. The Family Microbacteriaceae Chapter 1.1.28 In: The Prokaryotes, Vol 3. Archaea. Bacteria: Firmicutes, Actinomycetes. Springer, 978-0387-25493-7. Pages 1020-1098.
  • Eyngor M, Zlotkin A, Ghittino C, Prearo M, Douet DG, Chikmonczyk S, Eldar A 2004. Clonality and Diversity of the Fish Pathogen Lactococcus garvieae in Mediterranean Countries. Appl Environ Microb, 70:5132-5137.
  • Gomez-Gil B, Roque A, Turnbull JF 2000. The Use and Selection of Probiotic Bacteria for Use in the Culture of Larval Aquatic Organisms. Aquacult, 191:259-270.
  • Hall TA 1999. BioEdit: a User-Friendly Biological Sequence Alignment Editor and Analysis Program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series, 95-98.
  • Kampfer P, Rainey FA, Andersson MA, Nurmiaho Lassila EL, Ulrych U, Busse HJ, Weiss N, Mikkola R, Salkinoja-Salonen M 2000. Frigoribacterium faeni gen. nov., so. nov., a Novel Psychrophilic Genus of the Family Microbacteriaceae, Int J Syst Evol Micr, 50:355-363.
  • Kan Nİ, Sarıeyyüpoğlu M 2008. Elâzığ Şehir Kanalizasyonunun Keban Baraj Gölü’ne Döküldüğü Bölgeden Yakalanan Balıklarda Streptokokus’ların Araştırılması. Fırat Üniv Fen Bil Derg, 20(2):271-277.
  • Kang S, Shin G, Shin Y, Kim Y, Yang H, Lee E, Huh N, Ju O, Jung T 2004. Experimental Evaluation of Pathogenicity of Lactococcus garvieae in Black Rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). J Vet Sci, 5(4):387-390.
  • Katırcıoğlu H 2001. Gökkuşağı Alabalığı ve Aynalı Sazandan Izole Edilen Laktik Asit Bakterilerinin Metabolik ve Antimikrobiyal Aktivitelerinin Incelenmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, Doktora tezi, 139 sy, Ankara.
  • Kav K, Erganiş O 2007. Konya Bölgesinde Bulunan Gökkuşağı Alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Çiftliklerinden Lactococcus garvieae Izolasyonu, Identifikasyonu ve Fenotipik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. Ataturk Univ Vet Bil. Derg, 23(1):7-17.
  • Korun J, Timur G, Yardımcı RE, Balcı BA 2017. Histopathological Changes of Rainbow Trout after Experimental Infection with Lactococcus garvieae. J Adv. Vetbio Sci Tech, 2(3):12-20.
  • Ksuda R, Salati F 1999. Enterecoccus seriolicida and Streptococcus iniae, In: Fish diseases and disorders, Woo P.T.K, Bruno, D.W. (ed.), Vol:3, CABI Publishing. Pages: 303-317.
  • Kubilay A, Altun S, Uluköy G, Diler Ö 2005. Lactococcus garvieae Suşlarının Antimikrobiyal Duyarlılıklarının Belirlenmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniv Eğirdir Su Ürün Fak Derg, 1(1):39-48.
  • Kumar R, Mukherjee SC, Prasad KP, Pal AK 2006. Evaluation of Bacillus subtilis as a Probiotic to Indian Major Carp Labeo rohita (Ham.). Aquac Res, 37(12):1215-1221.
  • Lane DJ 1991. 16S/23S rRNA sequencing, Nucleic acid techniques in bacterial systematics, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Larkin MA, Blackshields G, Brown N, Chenna R, Mcgettigan PA, Mcwilliam H, Valentin F, Wallace IM, Wilm A, Lopez R 2007. Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. J Bioinform, 23:2947-2948.
  • Mingmongkolchai S, Panbangred W 2018. Bacillus Probiotics: an Alternative to Antibiotics for Livestock Production. J Appl Microbiol, 124:1334-1346.
  • Muz A, Sarıeyyüpoğlu M, Ertaş HB, Şimşek A 1995. Keban Baraj Gölü’nden Yakalanan Bazı Balıkların Aerobik ve Mikroaerofilik Bakteriler Yönünden Incelenmesi. Fırat Üniv Sağlık Bilim Derg, 9(2):212-219.
  • Ng WK, Kim YC, Romano N, Koh CB, Yang SY 2014. Effects of Dietary Probiotics on the Growth and Feeding Efficiency of Red Hybrid Tilapia, Oreochromis sp., and Subsequent Resistance to Streptococcus agalactiae. J Appl Aquac, 26(1):22-31.
  • Özer S, Bulduklu PS, Dönmez E 2008. Mersin Ilinde Yetiştiriciliği Yapılan Gökkuşağı Alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) Streptokokkozis Varlığı. Journal of fisheriessciences.com, 2(3):272-283.
  • Öztürk T, Didinen BI, Doğan G, Özer A, Bircan R 2013. Lactococcosis in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) in the Middle Black Sea Region in Turkey and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of the Aetiological Agent, Lactococcus garvieae. Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 24:7-12.
  • Raida MK, Larsen JL, Nielsen ME, Buchmann K 2003. Enhanced Resistance of Rainbow Trout, (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum), against Yersinia ruckeri Challenge Following Oral Administration of Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis (BioPlus2B). J Fish Dis, 26:495-498.
  • Raissy M, Moumeni M 2016. Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Some Lactococcus garvieae Strains Isolated from Infected Rainbow Trout. Iran J Fish Sci, 15(1):221-229.
  • Ringo E, Gatesoupe FJ 1998. Lactic Acid Bacteria in Fish: a Review. Aquacult, 160:177-203.
  • Roberts RJ 2012. Fish Pathology, 4th Edition, Wiley-Blackwell, UK., 978-1-4443-32827. Pages: 439-565.
  • Sharifiyazdi H, Mosttafa A, Tabatabaei M, Zadeh SMM 2010. Isolation and Characterization of Lactococcus garvieae from Diseased Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) Cultured in Iran. Iran J Vet Res, 11(4):342-350.
  • Tanrıkul TT, Gültepe N 2011. Mix Infections of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum): Lactococcus garvieae and Vibrio anguillarum O1. J Anim Vet Adv, 10(8):1019-1023.
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  • Ürkü Ç, Timur G 2014. A Comparative Study of Detection Methods for Lactococcus garvieae in Experimentally Infected Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W.). Isr J Aquacult-Bamid, 66, 10 pages.
  • Vendrell D, Balcazar JL, Zarzuela IR, DeBlas I, Girones O, Muzquiz JL 2006. Lactococcus garvieae in Fish: a review. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 29:177–198.
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  • Zlotkin A, Eldar A, Ghittino C, Bercovier H 1998. Identification of Lactococcus garvieae by PCR. J Clin Microbiol, 36(4):983-985.

Kültür Gökkuşağı Alabalıklarında (O. mykiss) Frigoribacterium faeni ve Lactococcus garvieae’nin Neden Olduğu Karma Enfeksiyon

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 6, 1569 - 1577, 31.12.2020

Tülay Akaylı , Özgür Çanak , Remziye Yardımcı , Çiğdem Ürkü , Dilek Ökmen

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.707820
Cited By: 4

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, bakteriyolojik ve histopatolojik metotlar ve moleküler yöntemler kullanarak Karadeniz Bölgesi’ndeki bir baraj gölünde yetiştiriciliği yapılan gökkuşağı alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hastalığa neden olan bakteriyel patojenlerin teşhisini yapmak, antimikrobiyal duyarlılıklarını belirlemek ve histopatolojik etkilerini ortaya koymaktır. İki adet probiyotik bakterinin, bu patojenlerin neden olduğu hastalığın önlenmesi amacıyla kullanım olanakları da incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada kapsamında incelenen 100-250 g ağırlığındaki hasta balıklardan Frigoribacterium faeni ve Lactococcus garvieae’nin neden olduğu genel klinik ve histopatolojik bakteriyel hemorajik septisemi bulguları ile seyreden karma bir enfeksiyon olgusu teşhis edilmiştir. İzole edilen patojenlerin birçok antibiyotiğe karşı dirençli oldukları tespit edilirken, Bacillus subtilis’in bu patojenlerin neden olduğu enfeksiyonlara karşı önleyici probiyotik olarak kullanım olanağı önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Balık histopatolojisi Frigoribacterium faeni Lactococcus garvieae Bacillus subtilis Antibiyotik duyarlılığı

Proje Numarası

FBA-2018-28476

Kaynakça

  • Akbulut B, Kurtoğlu İZ, Üstündağ E, Aksungur M 2009. Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde Balık Yetiştiriciliğinin Tarihsel Gelişimi ve Gelecek Projeksiyonu. Journal of Fisheries Science, 3(2):76- 85.
  • Akşit D, Kum C 2008. Gökkuşağı alabalıkları (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W. 1792)’nda Sık Görülen Patojen Mikroorganizmaların Tespiti ve Antibiyotik Duyarlılık Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi. Van Vet J, 19(1):1-7.
  • Altun S, Diler A, Diler Ö, Başak K, Işıklı B 2005. Histopathology of Streptococcosis in Rainbow Trout. B Eur Assoc Fish Pat, 25(3):131-135.
  • Altun S, Onuk EE, Çiftçi A, Büyükekiz AG, Duman M 2013. Phenotypic, Genotypic Characterisation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Determination of Lactococcus garvieae Strains. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak, 19(3):375-381.
  • Ashraf A 2000. Probiotics in Fish Farming-Evaluation of a Candidate Bacterial Mixture, Licentiate thesis, University of Umea.
  • Austin B, Austin DA 2016. Bacterial Fish Pathogens, Diseases of Farmed and Wild Fish, 6th Edition. Springer Publishing, Dordrecht, 978-3-319-32674-0. Pages: 41-48
  • Avcı H, Aydoğan A, Tanrıkul TT, Birincioğlu SS 2010. Pathological and Microbiological Investigations in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Naturally Infected with Lactococcus garvieae. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak, 16:313-318.
  • Avcı H, Birincioğlu SS, Tanrıkul TT, Epikmen ET, Metin N, Avsever ML 2014. Experimental Lactococcus garvieae Infection in Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792: a Comparative Histopathological and Immuno- histochemical Study. J Fish Dis, 37(5):481-495.
  • Balta F, Balta ZD 2019. The Isolation of Lactococcus garvieae from Eyes of Diseased Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with Exopthalmia. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 4(1):27-33.
  • Bhunia AK, Johnson MC, Ray B 1988. Purification, Characterization and Antimicrobial Spectrum of Bacteriocin Produced by Pediococcus acidilactici. J Appl Microbiol, 65:261-268.
  • Burr G, Gathlin D 2005. Microbial Ecology of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Fish and the Potential Application of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Finfish Aquaculture. J World Aquacult Soc, 36:425- 436.
  • Carbajal-Gonzalez MT, Fregeneda-Grandes JM, Suarez-Ramos S, Cadenas FR, Aller-Gancedo JM 2011. Bacterial Skin Flora Variation and invitro Inhibitory Activity Against Saprolegnia parasitica in Brown and Rainbow Trout. Dis Aquat Organ, 96:125-135.
  • Chang PH, Lin CW, Lee YC 2002. Lactococcus garvieae Infection of Cultured Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, in Taiwan and Associated Biophysical Characteristics and Histopathology. B Eur Assoc Fish Pat, 22(5):319-327.
  • Diler Ö, Altun S, Adiloğlu A, Kubilay A, Işıklı B 2002. First Occurrence of Streptococcosis Affecting Farmed Rainbow Trout in Turkey. B Eur Assoc Fish Pat, 22(1):21-26.
  • Didinen BI, Yardımcı B, Onuk EE, Metin S, Yıldırım P 2014. Naturally Lactococcus garvieae Infection in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss Walbaum, 1792): New Histopathological Observations, Phenotypic and Molecular Identification. Rev Med Vet-Toulouse, 165:12-19.
  • Durmaz Y, Kılıçoğlu Y 2015. Bir Alabalık Çiftliğinde Doğal Enfekte Gökkuşağı Alabalıklarından (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) Lactococcus garvieae’nin Kültür ve PCR ile Saptanması ve Etkenin Antibiyotik Duyarlılık Profillerinin Belirlenmesi. Atatürk University J Vet Sci, 10(2):109-115.
  • Emre Y, Okumuş İ, Maltaş Ö 2007. Trout Farming In: Marine Aquaculture in Turkey, TUDAV, İstanbul, 978-975-8825-18-9.
  • Evans JJ, Klesius PH, Schoemaker CA 2009. First Isolation and Characterization of Lactococcus garvieae from Brazilian Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) and Pintado, Pseudoplathystoma corruscans. J Fish Dis, 32:943-951.
  • Evtushenko LI, Takeuchi M 2006. The Family Microbacteriaceae Chapter 1.1.28 In: The Prokaryotes, Vol 3. Archaea. Bacteria: Firmicutes, Actinomycetes. Springer, 978-0387-25493-7. Pages 1020-1098.
  • Eyngor M, Zlotkin A, Ghittino C, Prearo M, Douet DG, Chikmonczyk S, Eldar A 2004. Clonality and Diversity of the Fish Pathogen Lactococcus garvieae in Mediterranean Countries. Appl Environ Microb, 70:5132-5137.
  • Gomez-Gil B, Roque A, Turnbull JF 2000. The Use and Selection of Probiotic Bacteria for Use in the Culture of Larval Aquatic Organisms. Aquacult, 191:259-270.
  • Hall TA 1999. BioEdit: a User-Friendly Biological Sequence Alignment Editor and Analysis Program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series, 95-98.
  • Kampfer P, Rainey FA, Andersson MA, Nurmiaho Lassila EL, Ulrych U, Busse HJ, Weiss N, Mikkola R, Salkinoja-Salonen M 2000. Frigoribacterium faeni gen. nov., so. nov., a Novel Psychrophilic Genus of the Family Microbacteriaceae, Int J Syst Evol Micr, 50:355-363.
  • Kan Nİ, Sarıeyyüpoğlu M 2008. Elâzığ Şehir Kanalizasyonunun Keban Baraj Gölü’ne Döküldüğü Bölgeden Yakalanan Balıklarda Streptokokus’ların Araştırılması. Fırat Üniv Fen Bil Derg, 20(2):271-277.
  • Kang S, Shin G, Shin Y, Kim Y, Yang H, Lee E, Huh N, Ju O, Jung T 2004. Experimental Evaluation of Pathogenicity of Lactococcus garvieae in Black Rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). J Vet Sci, 5(4):387-390.
  • Katırcıoğlu H 2001. Gökkuşağı Alabalığı ve Aynalı Sazandan Izole Edilen Laktik Asit Bakterilerinin Metabolik ve Antimikrobiyal Aktivitelerinin Incelenmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, Doktora tezi, 139 sy, Ankara.
  • Kav K, Erganiş O 2007. Konya Bölgesinde Bulunan Gökkuşağı Alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Çiftliklerinden Lactococcus garvieae Izolasyonu, Identifikasyonu ve Fenotipik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. Ataturk Univ Vet Bil. Derg, 23(1):7-17.
  • Korun J, Timur G, Yardımcı RE, Balcı BA 2017. Histopathological Changes of Rainbow Trout after Experimental Infection with Lactococcus garvieae. J Adv. Vetbio Sci Tech, 2(3):12-20.
  • Ksuda R, Salati F 1999. Enterecoccus seriolicida and Streptococcus iniae, In: Fish diseases and disorders, Woo P.T.K, Bruno, D.W. (ed.), Vol:3, CABI Publishing. Pages: 303-317.
  • Kubilay A, Altun S, Uluköy G, Diler Ö 2005. Lactococcus garvieae Suşlarının Antimikrobiyal Duyarlılıklarının Belirlenmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniv Eğirdir Su Ürün Fak Derg, 1(1):39-48.
  • Kumar R, Mukherjee SC, Prasad KP, Pal AK 2006. Evaluation of Bacillus subtilis as a Probiotic to Indian Major Carp Labeo rohita (Ham.). Aquac Res, 37(12):1215-1221.
  • Lane DJ 1991. 16S/23S rRNA sequencing, Nucleic acid techniques in bacterial systematics, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Larkin MA, Blackshields G, Brown N, Chenna R, Mcgettigan PA, Mcwilliam H, Valentin F, Wallace IM, Wilm A, Lopez R 2007. Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. J Bioinform, 23:2947-2948.
  • Mingmongkolchai S, Panbangred W 2018. Bacillus Probiotics: an Alternative to Antibiotics for Livestock Production. J Appl Microbiol, 124:1334-1346.
  • Muz A, Sarıeyyüpoğlu M, Ertaş HB, Şimşek A 1995. Keban Baraj Gölü’nden Yakalanan Bazı Balıkların Aerobik ve Mikroaerofilik Bakteriler Yönünden Incelenmesi. Fırat Üniv Sağlık Bilim Derg, 9(2):212-219.
  • Ng WK, Kim YC, Romano N, Koh CB, Yang SY 2014. Effects of Dietary Probiotics on the Growth and Feeding Efficiency of Red Hybrid Tilapia, Oreochromis sp., and Subsequent Resistance to Streptococcus agalactiae. J Appl Aquac, 26(1):22-31.
  • Özer S, Bulduklu PS, Dönmez E 2008. Mersin Ilinde Yetiştiriciliği Yapılan Gökkuşağı Alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) Streptokokkozis Varlığı. Journal of fisheriessciences.com, 2(3):272-283.
  • Öztürk T, Didinen BI, Doğan G, Özer A, Bircan R 2013. Lactococcosis in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) in the Middle Black Sea Region in Turkey and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of the Aetiological Agent, Lactococcus garvieae. Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 24:7-12.
  • Raida MK, Larsen JL, Nielsen ME, Buchmann K 2003. Enhanced Resistance of Rainbow Trout, (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum), against Yersinia ruckeri Challenge Following Oral Administration of Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis (BioPlus2B). J Fish Dis, 26:495-498.
  • Raissy M, Moumeni M 2016. Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Some Lactococcus garvieae Strains Isolated from Infected Rainbow Trout. Iran J Fish Sci, 15(1):221-229.
  • Ringo E, Gatesoupe FJ 1998. Lactic Acid Bacteria in Fish: a Review. Aquacult, 160:177-203.
  • Roberts RJ 2012. Fish Pathology, 4th Edition, Wiley-Blackwell, UK., 978-1-4443-32827. Pages: 439-565.
  • Sharifiyazdi H, Mosttafa A, Tabatabaei M, Zadeh SMM 2010. Isolation and Characterization of Lactococcus garvieae from Diseased Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) Cultured in Iran. Iran J Vet Res, 11(4):342-350.
  • Tanrıkul TT, Gültepe N 2011. Mix Infections of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum): Lactococcus garvieae and Vibrio anguillarum O1. J Anim Vet Adv, 10(8):1019-1023.
  • Teker T, Albayrak G, Akaylı T, Ürkü Ç 2018. Detection of Haemolysin Genes as Genetic Determinants of Virulence in Lactococcus garvieae. Turk J Fish Aquat Sci, 19(7):625-634.
  • Teuber, M 2009. Lactococcus, In: Bergey’s manual of systematics bacteriology Vol III, Parte, A.C (ed.), 2nd Ed., Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York. Pages: 711-722.
  • Timur G, Yardımcı RE, Ürkü Ç, Çanak Ö 2011. Marmara Bölgesi Kültür Gökkuşağı Alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss, L.) Lactococcosis’in Bakteriyolojik ve Histopatolojik Metodlarla Teşhisi. İstanbul Üniv Su Ürün Derg, 26:63-81.
  • TUİK, 2019, Kültür Balıkları Üretim Miktarı, http://tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1005, [Ziyaret tarihi: 6 Mayıs 2019].
  • Türe M, Altınok İ, Işıdan H, Savaş H, Kutlu İ 2012. PFGE Metodu Kullanılarak Lactoccoccus garvieae’nin Genetik Çeşitliliğinin ve Yayılımının Belirlenmesi, TAGEM Proje Sonuç Raporu. Su Ürünleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü, Trabzon.
  • Urtubia R, Gallardo P, Cardenas CA, Lavin P, Gonzalez-Aravena M 2017. First Characterization of Gastrointestinal Culturable Bacteria of Patagonian Toothfish Dissosstichus eleginoides (Nototheniidae). Rev Biol Mar Oceanog, 52(2):399-404.
  • Ürkü Ç, Timur G 2014. A Comparative Study of Detection Methods for Lactococcus garvieae in Experimentally Infected Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W.). Isr J Aquacult-Bamid, 66, 10 pages.
  • Vendrell D, Balcazar JL, Zarzuela IR, DeBlas I, Girones O, Muzquiz JL 2006. Lactococcus garvieae in Fish: a review. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 29:177–198.
  • Zhang Z, Schwartz S, Wagner L, Miller W 2000. A Greedy Algorithm for Aligning DNA Sequences. J Comput Biol, 7:203-214.
  • Zlotkin A, Eldar A, Ghittino C, Bercovier H 1998. Identification of Lactococcus garvieae by PCR. J Clin Microbiol, 36(4):983-985.
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yapısal Biyoloji , Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article)
Yazarlar

Tülay Akaylı 0000-0003-2375-2224

Özgür Çanak 0000-0001-6194-0096

Remziye Yardımcı 0000-0001-7737-8739

Çiğdem Ürkü 0000-0003-0381-9321

Dilek Ökmen 0000-0003-3267-466X

Proje Numarası FBA-2018-28476
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Mart 2020
Kabul Tarihi 29 Mayıs 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020Cilt: 23 Sayı: 6

Kaynak Göster

APA Akaylı, T., Çanak, Ö., Yardımcı, R., Ürkü, Ç., vd. (2020). A Mixed Frigoribacterium faeni and Lactococcus garvieae Infection in Cultured Rainbow Trout (O. mykiss). Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 23(6), 1569-1577. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.707820

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