Ekmeklik Buğdayda Genotip, Ekim Zamanı ve Tohum Fungusiti Ön Uygulamalarının Kök ve Kök Boğazı Çürüklüğü ve Tane Verimi Üzerine Etkileri
Öz
Bu çalışma, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü deneme alanında ekim zamanı, çeşit ve tohum ilacı uygulamalarının buğdayda kök ve kök boğazı çürüklüğü hastalıkları ile buğday dane verimine etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada vejetasyon süreleri farklı olan 3 adet ekmeklik buğday çeşidi (Esperia:orta erkenci, Genesi: geççi ve Anapo: erkenci) kullanılmıştır. Ekimden önce bu çeşitlerin tohumlarına dört farklı fungisit (prothioconazole + tebuconazole, karboxin + thiram, prochloraz + tiriticonazole ve kontrol) uygulanarak 1 Kasım, 15 Kasım ve 30 Kasım 2016 olmak üzere 3 farklı zamanda ekimler yapılmıştır. Deneme, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü deneme alanlarında, bölünen bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak düzenlenmiştir. Çalışmada, varyans analizi sonuçlarına göre farklı tohum fungusiti uygulamalarının ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinin kök ve kök çürüklüğü üzerine etkisi istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Farklı ekim zamanlarında prothioconazole + tebuconazole uygulaması %2.174 ile en düşük kök ve kök boğazı çürüklüğüne neden olmuş, bunu %3.31 ile prochloraz + tiriticonazole uygulaması izlemiştir. En yüksek kök ve kök boğazı çürüklüğü %3.64 ile en erken ekim olan 01 Kasım ekiminde belirlenmiştir. Dört farklı tohum fungusit uygulamasında en yüksek kök boğazı çürüklüğü (%5.59) kontrol uygulamasından elde edilirken, en düşük kök boğazı çürüklüğü %1.96, %2.10 ve %2.89 ile sırasıyla aynı istatistiki grupta yer alan prothioconazole + tebuconazole, karboxin + thiram ve prochloraz + triticonazole ön uygulamalarından elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, erken ekim zamanının kök ve kök boğazı çürüklüğünün şiddetini arttırdığını göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ekmeklik buğday Kök boğazı çürüklüğü Ekim zamanı Fungusit ön uygulaması Çeşit
Kaynakça
- Bağcı S A, Hekimhan H, Gültekin İ, Tunalı B, Nicol J.M, Yıldırım AF, Çekiç C, Bolat N, Araz A, Erdurmuş D, Büyük O, Taner A, Ercan B, Güneş A, Topal İ, Aydoğdu M, Şahin M, Arısoy R.Z, Kaya Y, Özseven İ, Demir L, Uçkun Z 2006. Buğday ve Arpada Kök ve Kök Boğazı Hastalık Etmenlerinin Belirlenmesi, Dayanıklı Çeşitlerin Geliştirilmesi, Uygun Yetiştirme ve Mücadele Tekniklerinin Belirlenmesi. Ülkesel Proje Sonuç Rap. Bahri Dağdaş Uluslararası Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü, Konya.
- Bolat N, Nicol JM, Yıldırım AF, Tülek A, Yorgancılar A, Şahin E, Kaplan A, Elekçioğlu H 2004. A National Project: Nematode Damage and Its Control in Wheat and Yield Losses Caused by Nematodes. 1st National Pathology Congress, , 8-10 September, Samsun, Turkey
- Burgess LW, Dodman RL, Pont W, Mayers P 1981. Fusarium Diseases of Wheat Maize and Grain Sorghum in Eastern Australia. (In: Nelson PE, Toussoun TA, Cook RJ, (Ed) Fusarium Diseases, Biology and Taxonomy) Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, 64-67.
- Burrows ME, Grey B, Dyer A 2006. Fusarium Crown Rot (wheat). Small Grains XII. High Plains IPM Guide, A Cooperative Effort of The University of Wyoming, University of Nebraska, Colorado State University and Montana State University.
- Chakraborty S, Obanor F, Westecott R, Abeywickrama K 2010. Wheat Crown Rot Pathogens Fusarium graminearum and F. pseudograminearum Lack Specialization. The American Phytopath Soc 100: 1057-1065.
- Chekali S, Gargouri S, Rezgui M, Paulitz T, Nasraoui B 2016. Impacts of Previous Crops on Fusarium Foot and Root Rot, and on Yields of Durum Wheat in North West Tunisia. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 55: 253-261.
- Erginbas-Orakci G, Dababat AA, Nicol JM, Bolat N 2012. Screening Methods to Identify and Validate Moderately Resistant Wheat Germplasm Against The Dryland Crown Rot (Fusarium culmorum) Used by CIMMYT-Turkey under Field and Controlled Conditions. First International Crown Rot Workshop for Wheat Improvement, 22-23 October, Narrabri, New South Wales, Australia.
- Hekimhan H, Bagci A, Nicol J, Arisoy Z, Taner S, Sahin S 2004. Dryland Root Rot: A Major Threat to Winter Cereal Production under Sub-optimal Growing Conditions. 4th International Crop Science Congress, 26 September-01 October, Brisbane, Australia.
- Hekimhan H, Boyraz N 2011. Trakya Bölgesi Buğday Ekiliş Alanlarında Fungal Kaynaklı Kök ve Kök Boğazı Çürüklüğü Hastalıklarının Tespiti. Selçuk Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi 25(3): 25-34.
- Klein TA, Burgess W, Ellison FW 1991. The Incidence and Spatial Patterns of Wheat Plants Infected by Fusarium graminearum Group 1 and The Effect of Crown Rot on Yield. Australian J Agr Res 42: 399-407.
- Li HB, Zhou MX, Liu CJ 2012. Development and Validation of Markers Closely Linked to Crown Rot Resistance in Wheat and Barley. Molecular Plant Breeding 3: 80-90.
- McMullen MP, Marcia P, Lamey HA 2000. Seed Treatment for Disease Control 447 North Dakota State University Extension Circular http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extnewsrelease/2000/031600/06 seedtr.htm.
- Pariyar SR, Dababat AA, Micol JM, Orakçı GE, Goll MB, Watrin C, Duveiller E, Braun HJ, Sikora R 2014. Fungicide Seed Treatment and Host Resistance for The Management of Wheat Crown Rot Caused by Fusarium culmorum. Basic Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Review 3(9): 116-121.
- Parry DW, Nicholson P 1996. Development of A PCR Assay to Detect Fusarium poae in Wheat. Plant Pathol 45: 383-391.
- Singh AK, Sharma AK, Shoran J 2009. Heterodera avenae and Its Management on Wheat in India. The International Cereal Cyst Nematode Initiative, 21-23 October, Antalya, Turkey.
- Singh RP, Huerta-Espino J, Fuentes G, Duveiller E, Gilchrist L, Henry M, Nicol JM 2005. Resistance to Diseases, Chapter 10 in Durum Wheat Breeding: Current Approaches and Future Strategies. Edited by C. Royo, M. Nachit, N. Di Fonzo, J. Araus, W.P. Pfeiffer, G. Slafer. Food Product Press, New York, USA, Haworth Press, 291-327.
- Smiley RW, Collins PH, Rasmussen EP 1996. Diseases of Wheat in Long-Term Agronomic Experiments at Pendleton, Oregon. Plant Disease 80: 813-820.
- Smiley RW, Gourlie JA, Easley SA, Patterson LM, Whittaker G 2005. Crop Damage Estimates for Crown Rot of Wheat and Barley in The Pacific Northwest. Plant Dis 89:595-604.
- Uçkun Z, Yıldız M 2004. İzmir, Aydın ve Denizli İlleri Buğday Alanlarındaki Kök ve Kökboğazı Hastalıklarının Yoğunluğunun ve Etmenlerinin Belirlenmesi. Bitki Koruma Bülteni 44 (1-4):79-92.
- Wildermuth GB, McNamara RB 1994. Testing Wheat Seedlings for Resistance to Crown Rot Caused by Fusarium graminearum Group 1. Plant Dis 78:949-953.
Effects of Genotype, Sowing Time and Seed Fungicide Pre-Treatments on Root and Crown Rot and Grain Yield in Bread Wheat
Öz
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of sowing time, cultivar and seed fungicide applications on root and crown rot disease and grain yield of bread wheat with different earliness traits (Esperia, mid-early; Genesi, late and Anapo, early) in the experiment station of the Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University. Four different fungicides pre-treatments (prothioconazole + tebuconazole, carboxin + thiram, prochloraz + tiriticonazole and control) were applied to the seeds of the varieties before sowing in three different times, on 1 November, 15 November and 30 November 2016. The experiment was designed as a split-split-plot with 3 replications. The results of the variance analysis showed that the effect of applying different seed fungicide pre-treatment root and crown rot of bread wheat varieties was statistically significant. Prothioconazole + tebuconazole application caused the lowest root and crown rot with 2.714 %, followed by prochloraz + tiriticonazole with 3.31%. The highest root and crown rot was determined with a value of 3.64% for the earliest sowing on 01 November. Among the four different fungicide pre-treatments, the highest root and crown rot (5.59%) was obtained in the control application, while the lowest root and crown rot was obtained in prothioconazole + tebuconazole, carboxin + thiram and prochloraz + triticonazole, with 1.96%, 2.10% and 2.89% root and crown rot, respectively. These data indicate that early sowing may increase root and crown rot severity.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Bread wheat Root and crown rot Sowing time Fungicide pre-treatment Variety
Kaynakça
- Bağcı S A, Hekimhan H, Gültekin İ, Tunalı B, Nicol J.M, Yıldırım AF, Çekiç C, Bolat N, Araz A, Erdurmuş D, Büyük O, Taner A, Ercan B, Güneş A, Topal İ, Aydoğdu M, Şahin M, Arısoy R.Z, Kaya Y, Özseven İ, Demir L, Uçkun Z 2006. Buğday ve Arpada Kök ve Kök Boğazı Hastalık Etmenlerinin Belirlenmesi, Dayanıklı Çeşitlerin Geliştirilmesi, Uygun Yetiştirme ve Mücadele Tekniklerinin Belirlenmesi. Ülkesel Proje Sonuç Rap. Bahri Dağdaş Uluslararası Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü, Konya.
- Bolat N, Nicol JM, Yıldırım AF, Tülek A, Yorgancılar A, Şahin E, Kaplan A, Elekçioğlu H 2004. A National Project: Nematode Damage and Its Control in Wheat and Yield Losses Caused by Nematodes. 1st National Pathology Congress, , 8-10 September, Samsun, Turkey
- Burgess LW, Dodman RL, Pont W, Mayers P 1981. Fusarium Diseases of Wheat Maize and Grain Sorghum in Eastern Australia. (In: Nelson PE, Toussoun TA, Cook RJ, (Ed) Fusarium Diseases, Biology and Taxonomy) Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, 64-67.
- Burrows ME, Grey B, Dyer A 2006. Fusarium Crown Rot (wheat). Small Grains XII. High Plains IPM Guide, A Cooperative Effort of The University of Wyoming, University of Nebraska, Colorado State University and Montana State University.
- Chakraborty S, Obanor F, Westecott R, Abeywickrama K 2010. Wheat Crown Rot Pathogens Fusarium graminearum and F. pseudograminearum Lack Specialization. The American Phytopath Soc 100: 1057-1065.
- Chekali S, Gargouri S, Rezgui M, Paulitz T, Nasraoui B 2016. Impacts of Previous Crops on Fusarium Foot and Root Rot, and on Yields of Durum Wheat in North West Tunisia. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 55: 253-261.
- Erginbas-Orakci G, Dababat AA, Nicol JM, Bolat N 2012. Screening Methods to Identify and Validate Moderately Resistant Wheat Germplasm Against The Dryland Crown Rot (Fusarium culmorum) Used by CIMMYT-Turkey under Field and Controlled Conditions. First International Crown Rot Workshop for Wheat Improvement, 22-23 October, Narrabri, New South Wales, Australia.
- Hekimhan H, Bagci A, Nicol J, Arisoy Z, Taner S, Sahin S 2004. Dryland Root Rot: A Major Threat to Winter Cereal Production under Sub-optimal Growing Conditions. 4th International Crop Science Congress, 26 September-01 October, Brisbane, Australia.
- Hekimhan H, Boyraz N 2011. Trakya Bölgesi Buğday Ekiliş Alanlarında Fungal Kaynaklı Kök ve Kök Boğazı Çürüklüğü Hastalıklarının Tespiti. Selçuk Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi 25(3): 25-34.
- Klein TA, Burgess W, Ellison FW 1991. The Incidence and Spatial Patterns of Wheat Plants Infected by Fusarium graminearum Group 1 and The Effect of Crown Rot on Yield. Australian J Agr Res 42: 399-407.
- Li HB, Zhou MX, Liu CJ 2012. Development and Validation of Markers Closely Linked to Crown Rot Resistance in Wheat and Barley. Molecular Plant Breeding 3: 80-90.
- McMullen MP, Marcia P, Lamey HA 2000. Seed Treatment for Disease Control 447 North Dakota State University Extension Circular http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extnewsrelease/2000/031600/06 seedtr.htm.
- Pariyar SR, Dababat AA, Micol JM, Orakçı GE, Goll MB, Watrin C, Duveiller E, Braun HJ, Sikora R 2014. Fungicide Seed Treatment and Host Resistance for The Management of Wheat Crown Rot Caused by Fusarium culmorum. Basic Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Review 3(9): 116-121.
- Parry DW, Nicholson P 1996. Development of A PCR Assay to Detect Fusarium poae in Wheat. Plant Pathol 45: 383-391.
- Singh AK, Sharma AK, Shoran J 2009. Heterodera avenae and Its Management on Wheat in India. The International Cereal Cyst Nematode Initiative, 21-23 October, Antalya, Turkey.
- Singh RP, Huerta-Espino J, Fuentes G, Duveiller E, Gilchrist L, Henry M, Nicol JM 2005. Resistance to Diseases, Chapter 10 in Durum Wheat Breeding: Current Approaches and Future Strategies. Edited by C. Royo, M. Nachit, N. Di Fonzo, J. Araus, W.P. Pfeiffer, G. Slafer. Food Product Press, New York, USA, Haworth Press, 291-327.
- Smiley RW, Collins PH, Rasmussen EP 1996. Diseases of Wheat in Long-Term Agronomic Experiments at Pendleton, Oregon. Plant Disease 80: 813-820.
- Smiley RW, Gourlie JA, Easley SA, Patterson LM, Whittaker G 2005. Crop Damage Estimates for Crown Rot of Wheat and Barley in The Pacific Northwest. Plant Dis 89:595-604.
- Uçkun Z, Yıldız M 2004. İzmir, Aydın ve Denizli İlleri Buğday Alanlarındaki Kök ve Kökboğazı Hastalıklarının Yoğunluğunun ve Etmenlerinin Belirlenmesi. Bitki Koruma Bülteni 44 (1-4):79-92.
- Wildermuth GB, McNamara RB 1994. Testing Wheat Seedlings for Resistance to Crown Rot Caused by Fusarium graminearum Group 1. Plant Dis 78:949-953.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 28 Şubat 2021 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 22 Nisan 2020 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 22 Haziran 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1 |
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