Abelmoschus esculentus (Bamya) Çiçeğinin Fitokimyasal Profili, Antioksidan, Antikolinerjik ve Antibakteriyel Özellikleri

Arzu Kavaz Yüksel; Emrah Dikici; Mehmet Yüksel; Mesut Işık

doi:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.976717

Araştırma Makalesi

Abelmoschus esculentus (Bamya) Çiçeğinin Fitokimyasal Profili, Antioksidan, Antikolinerjik ve Antibakteriyel Özellikleri

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 6, 1205 - 1215, 30.12.2022

Arzu Kavaz Yüksel , Emrah Dikici , Mehmet Yüksel , Mesut Işık

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.976717

Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Abelmoschus esculentus’a ait çiçek kısımınlarının etanolik ekstraktının antioksidan ve antikolinerjik özelliklerini, fenolik bileşik profilini ve antibakteriyel aktivitesini araştırmaktır. Fenolik bileşiklerin analizi LC-MS/MS ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Antioksidan kapasitesi (radikal giderme, metal indirgeme gücü ve toplam antioksidan aktivite) DPPH, ABTS, Cu2+-Cu+ indirgeme (CUPRAC), Fe3+-Fe2+ indirgeme ve ferrik tiyosiyanat yöntemleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Antibakteriyel aktivite, disk difüzyon ve MIC (Minimum inhibitör konsantrasyonu) yöntemleri ile belirlenmiştir. Antikolinerjik özellik ise, asetilkolinesterazın (AChE) inhibisyonu ile tespit edilmiştir. Bitki özütünde miktar bakımından en fazla bulunan başlıca fenolik bileşiğin asetohidroksamik asit olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, sırasıyla kuarsetin, myrisetin, fumarik asit, vanillik asit, ellagik asit, 4-hidroksibenzoik asit, salisilik asit, kafeik asit, kemferol, bütein, protokateşik asit, kateşin hidrat, oleuropein ve diğer bileşenler tespit edilmiştir. Bitkinin etanolik özütü, %29.41 DPPH radikal giderme aktivitesi gösterirken, %20.59 ABTS radikal giderme aktivitesine ve ayrıca orta düzeyde metal indirgeme potansiyeline sahiptir. Ayrıca ekstrakt, 0.18 mg mL-1 IC50 değeri ile AChE üzerinde bir inhibisyon etkisi göstermiştir. Bitkinin etanol özütü, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli ve Salmonella Typhimurium üzerinde farklı düzeylerde antibakteriyel etki göstermiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, A. esculentus çiçek özütünün, sahip olduğu antioksidan, antikolinerjik ve antibakteriyel özellikleri ile bazı hastalıkların tedavisinde rol oynayabileceğini düşündürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Abelmoschus esculentus, Antioksidan, Fitokimyasal Analiz, Asetilkolinesteraz, Antibakteriyel

Kaynakça

Adamczak A, Dreger M, Seidler-Łożykowska K, Wielgus K 2019. Fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium L.): botany, phytochemistry and traditional uses. A review. Herba Polonica 65: 51-63.
Adelakun, OE, Oyelade OJ, Ade-Omowaye BIO, Adeyemi IA, Van de Venter M, Koekemoer TC 2009. Influence of pre-treatment on yield chemical and antioxidant properties of a Nigerian okra seed (Abelmoschus esculentus moench) flour. Food and Chemical Toxicology 47(3): 657-661.
Adetuyi F, Osagie A 2011. Nutrient, antinutrient, mineral and zinc bioavailability of okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench variety. American Journal of Food and Nutrition 1(2): 49–54.
Aliyu AB, Musa AM, Ibrahim MA, Ibrahim H, Oyewale AO 2009. Preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of leave extract o Albizia Chevalieri harms (Leguminosease mimosoideae). Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 2(1): 149-153.
Altemimi A, Lakhssassi N, Baharlouei A, Watson DG, Lightfoot DA 2017. Phytochemicals: Extraction, Isolation, and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Extracts. Platns 6(42): 1-23.
Alves SM, Freitas RS, doVal DR, Vieira LV, de Assis EL, Gomes FIF, Gadelha CAdA, Gadelha TS, de Lacerda JTJG, Clemente-Napimoga JT, ve ark. 2018. The efficacy of a lectin from Abelmoschus Esculentus depends on central opioid receptor activation to reduce temporomandibular joint hypernociception in rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 101:478–484.
Amarowicz R, Pegg RB, Rahimi-Moghaddam P, Barl B, Weil JA 2004. Free-radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity of selected plant species from the Canadian prairies. Food chemistry 84(4): 551-562.
Apak R, Güçlü K, Özyürek M, Esin Karademir S, Erçağ E 2006. The cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content of some herbal teas. International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 57(5-6): 292-304.
Arapitsas P 2008. Identification and quantification of polyphenolic compounds from okra seeds and skins. Food Chemistry 110(4): 1041–1045.
Atmani D, Chaher N, Berboucha M, Ayouni K, Lounis H, Boudaoud H, Debbache N, Atmani D 2009. Antioxidant capacity and phenol content of selected Algerian medicinal plants. Food Chemistry 112(2): 303-309.
Berry SK 1980. The fatty acid composition and cyclopropene fatty acid content of the maturing okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.) fruits. Pertanika 3(2): 82–86.
Bettaieb I, Hamrouni-Sellami I, Bourgou S, Limam F, Marzouk B 2011. Drought effects on polyphenol composition and antioxidant activities in aerial parts of Salvia officinalis L. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 33(4), 1103-1111.
Blois MS 1958. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 181: 1199-2000.
Caluete MEE, de Souza LMP, dos Santos Ferreira E, de Franca AP, de Akneuda Gadelha CA, de Souza Aquino J, Santi-Gadelha T 2014. Nutritional, antinutritional, phytochemical status of okra leaves (Abelmoschus esculentus) subjected to different processes. African Journal of. Biotechnology 14, 683–687.
Camciuc M, Deplagne M, Vilarem G, Gaset A 1998. Okra-Abelmoschus esculentus L.(Moench.) a crop with economic potential for set aside acreage in France. Industrial Crops and products 7(2-3): 257-264.
Carney J, Richard NR 2009. The Shadow of Slavery: African’s Botanical Legacy in the Atlantic World. University of Califonia Press: Berkeley, CA, USA,
Carvalho CCCR, Cruz PA, Froncecca MMR, Xavier-Filho L 2011. Antibacterial Properties of the Extract of Abelmoschus esculentus. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 16: 971-977.
Chamberlain DF, Raven PH 1972. Epilobium L. In: PH (ed.). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 4 Pp. 183-195, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Demir Y, Işık M, Gülçin İ, Beydemir Ş 2017. Phenolic compounds inhibit the aldose reductase enzyme from the sheep kidney. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology 31(9): e21936.
Dhaliwal MS 2010. Okrra (Abelmoschus esculentus) L (Moench). In Handbook of Vegetable Crops, 3rd ed.; Kalyani Publishers: New Delhi, India.
Dorman HD, Koşar M, Kahlos K, Holm Y, Hiltunen R 2003. Antioxidant properties and composition of aqueous extracts from Mentha species, hybrids, varieties, and cultivars. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51(16): 4563-4569.
Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Novellino E, Souto EB, Daliu P, Santini A 2019. Abelmoschus esculentus (L.): Bioactive components’ beneficial properties-focused on antidiabetic role-for sustainable health applications. Molecules 24(1): 38.
Ellman GL, Courtney KD, Andres Jr V, Featherstone RM 1961. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical Pharmacology 7(2): 88-95.
Elmastaş M, Gülçin İ, Beydemir Ş, İrfan Küfrevioğlu Ö, Aboul‐Enein HY 2006a. A study on the in vitro antioxidant activity of juniper (Juniperus communis L.) fruit extracts. Analytical letters 39(1): 47-65.
Elmastas M, Türkekul İ, Öztürk L, Gülçin İ, Işıldak Ö, Aboul-Enein HY 2006b. The antioxidant activity of two wild edible mushrooms (Morchella vulgaris and Morchella esculanta). Combinatorial Chemistry and High Throughput Screening 9(6): 443-448.
Fan P, Hay AE, Marston A, Hostettmann K 2008. Acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory activity of linarin from Buddleja davidii, structure-activity relationships of related flavonoids, and chemical investigation of Buddleja nitida. Pharmaceutical Biology 46: 596-601.
Gemede HF, Ratta N, Haki GD, Woldegiorgis AZ, Beyene F 2015. Nutritional quality and health benefits of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus): A review. Journal of Food Processing & Technology 6(458): 2.
Graham JO, Agbenorhevi JK, Kpodo FM 2017. Total Phenol Content and Antioxidant Activity of Okra Seeds from Different Genotypes. American Journal of Food and Nutrition 5: 90–94.
Gülçin İ 2008. Measurement of antioxidant ability of melatonin and serotonin by the DMPD and CUPRAC methods as trolox equivalent. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry 23(6): 871-876.
Gülçin İ, Berashvili D, Gepdiremen A 2005. Antiradical and antioxidant activity of total anthocyanins from Perilla pankinensis decne. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 101: 287-293.
Gülçin İ, Küfrevioğlu Öİ, Oktay M, Büyükokuroğlu ME 2004. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiulcer and analgesic activities of nettle (Urtica dioica L.). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 90: 205-215.
Gülçin İ, Topal F, Oztürk Sarikaya SB, Bursal E, Gören AC, Bilsel M 2011. Polyphenol contents and antioxidant properties of medlar (Mespilus germanica L.). Records of Natural Products 5(3): 158-175.
Habtemariam S 2019. The chemical and pharmacological basis of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) as potential therapy for type 2 diabetes. In Medicinal Foods as Potential Therapies for Type-2 Diabetes and Associated Diseases; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands 307–332.
Idris S, Yisa J, Itodo A 2009. Proximate and mineral composition of the leaves of Abelmoschuses culentus. International Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food Systems 3: 50037.
Işık M 2019. The Binding Mechanisms and Inhibitory Effect of Intravenous Anesthetics on AChE In Vitro and In Vivo: Kinetic Analysis and Molecular Docking. Neurochemical Research 44: 2147-2155.
Jha AB, Panchal SS, Shah A 2018. Ellagic acid: Insights into its neuroprotective and cognitive enhancement effects in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 175: 33-46.
Khomsug P, Thongjaroenbuangam W, Pakdeenarong N, Suttajit M, Chantiratikul P 2010. Antioxidative activities and phenolic content of extracts from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). Research Journal of Biological Sciences 5(4): 310-313.
Köksal E, Gülçin İ 2008. Antioxidant activity of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 32(1): 65-78.
Köksal E, Tohma H, Kılıç Ö, Alan Y, Aras A, Gülçin İ, Bursal E 2017. Assessment of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Nepeta trachonitica: Analysis of its phenolic compounds using HPLC-MS/MS. Scientia pharmaceutica 85(2): 24.
Kumar DS, Tony DE, Kumar AP, Kumar KA, Rao DBS, Nadendla R 2013. A review on: Abelmoschus Esculentus (okra). International Research Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Sciences 3: 129–132.
Liao H, Dong W, Shi X, Liu H, Yuan K 2012. Analysis and comparison of the active components and antioxidant activities of extracts from Abelmoschus esculentus L, Pharmacognosy Magazine 8(30): 156–161.
Liu Y, Qi J, Luo J, Qin W, Luo Q, Zhang Q, Wu D, Lin D, Li S, Dong H 2019. Okra in food field: Nutritional value, health benefits and e_ects of processing methods on quality. Food Reviews International 37(1): 67-90.
Lu Y, Demleitner MF, Song L, Rychlik M, Huang D 2016 Oligomeric proanthocyanidins are the active compounds in Abelmoschus esculentus Moench for its a-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activity. Journal of Functional Foods 20: 463–471.
Necip A, Işık M 2019. Bioactivities of Hypericum perforatum L. and Equisetum arvense L. fractions obtained with different solvents. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology 2: 221-230.
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Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant, Anticholinergic and Antibacterial Properties of Flowers of Abelmoschus Esculentus (Okra Flowers)

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 6, 1205 - 1215, 30.12.2022

Arzu Kavaz Yüksel , Emrah Dikici , Mehmet Yüksel , Mesut Işık

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.976717

Cited By: 1

Öz

The aim of this research was to investigate the antioxidant, and anticholinergic properties, phenolics profile and antibacterial activities of Abelmoschus esculentus ethanol extract. The analysis of phenolic compounds was performed with LC–MS/MS. The antioxidant capacity (radical scavenging, metal-reducing power and total antioxidant activity) was assessed by DPPH, ABTS, Cu2+–Cu+ reducing (CUPRAC), Fe3+–Fe2+ reducing and ferric thiocyanate methods. The antibacterial activity was determined by disc diffusion and MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) methods and the anticholinergic property was predicted by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Acetohydroxamic acid was determined as the main phenolic compound with the highest amount in the flower extract. Also, quercetin, myricetin, fumaric acid, vanillic acid, ellagic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acid, caffeic acid, kaempferol, butein, protocatechic acid, catechin hydrate, oleuropein and other components were detected, respectively. The ethanolic extract of the plant has 29.41% DPPH radical scavenging activity, 20.59% ABTS radical scavenging activity, and also moderate metal reduction potential. Also, the extract showed an inhibition effect on the AChE with IC50 values (0.18 mg mL−1). The ethanol extract of the plant showed antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Typhimurium at different levels. These results suggested that extract of the flowers of A. esculentus extract might play a role in the treatment of some diseases with its antioxidant, anticholinergic, and antibacterial activity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Abelmoschus esculentus, Antioxidant, Phytochemical analysis, Acetylcholinesterase, Antibacterial

Kaynakça

Adamczak A, Dreger M, Seidler-Łożykowska K, Wielgus K 2019. Fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium L.): botany, phytochemistry and traditional uses. A review. Herba Polonica 65: 51-63.
Adelakun, OE, Oyelade OJ, Ade-Omowaye BIO, Adeyemi IA, Van de Venter M, Koekemoer TC 2009. Influence of pre-treatment on yield chemical and antioxidant properties of a Nigerian okra seed (Abelmoschus esculentus moench) flour. Food and Chemical Toxicology 47(3): 657-661.
Adetuyi F, Osagie A 2011. Nutrient, antinutrient, mineral and zinc bioavailability of okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench variety. American Journal of Food and Nutrition 1(2): 49–54.
Aliyu AB, Musa AM, Ibrahim MA, Ibrahim H, Oyewale AO 2009. Preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of leave extract o Albizia Chevalieri harms (Leguminosease mimosoideae). Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 2(1): 149-153.
Altemimi A, Lakhssassi N, Baharlouei A, Watson DG, Lightfoot DA 2017. Phytochemicals: Extraction, Isolation, and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Extracts. Platns 6(42): 1-23.
Alves SM, Freitas RS, doVal DR, Vieira LV, de Assis EL, Gomes FIF, Gadelha CAdA, Gadelha TS, de Lacerda JTJG, Clemente-Napimoga JT, ve ark. 2018. The efficacy of a lectin from Abelmoschus Esculentus depends on central opioid receptor activation to reduce temporomandibular joint hypernociception in rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 101:478–484.
Amarowicz R, Pegg RB, Rahimi-Moghaddam P, Barl B, Weil JA 2004. Free-radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity of selected plant species from the Canadian prairies. Food chemistry 84(4): 551-562.
Apak R, Güçlü K, Özyürek M, Esin Karademir S, Erçağ E 2006. The cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content of some herbal teas. International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 57(5-6): 292-304.
Arapitsas P 2008. Identification and quantification of polyphenolic compounds from okra seeds and skins. Food Chemistry 110(4): 1041–1045.
Atmani D, Chaher N, Berboucha M, Ayouni K, Lounis H, Boudaoud H, Debbache N, Atmani D 2009. Antioxidant capacity and phenol content of selected Algerian medicinal plants. Food Chemistry 112(2): 303-309.
Berry SK 1980. The fatty acid composition and cyclopropene fatty acid content of the maturing okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.) fruits. Pertanika 3(2): 82–86.
Bettaieb I, Hamrouni-Sellami I, Bourgou S, Limam F, Marzouk B 2011. Drought effects on polyphenol composition and antioxidant activities in aerial parts of Salvia officinalis L. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 33(4), 1103-1111.
Blois MS 1958. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 181: 1199-2000.
Caluete MEE, de Souza LMP, dos Santos Ferreira E, de Franca AP, de Akneuda Gadelha CA, de Souza Aquino J, Santi-Gadelha T 2014. Nutritional, antinutritional, phytochemical status of okra leaves (Abelmoschus esculentus) subjected to different processes. African Journal of. Biotechnology 14, 683–687.
Camciuc M, Deplagne M, Vilarem G, Gaset A 1998. Okra-Abelmoschus esculentus L.(Moench.) a crop with economic potential for set aside acreage in France. Industrial Crops and products 7(2-3): 257-264.
Carney J, Richard NR 2009. The Shadow of Slavery: African’s Botanical Legacy in the Atlantic World. University of Califonia Press: Berkeley, CA, USA,
Carvalho CCCR, Cruz PA, Froncecca MMR, Xavier-Filho L 2011. Antibacterial Properties of the Extract of Abelmoschus esculentus. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 16: 971-977.
Chamberlain DF, Raven PH 1972. Epilobium L. In: PH (ed.). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 4 Pp. 183-195, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Demir Y, Işık M, Gülçin İ, Beydemir Ş 2017. Phenolic compounds inhibit the aldose reductase enzyme from the sheep kidney. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology 31(9): e21936.
Dhaliwal MS 2010. Okrra (Abelmoschus esculentus) L (Moench). In Handbook of Vegetable Crops, 3rd ed.; Kalyani Publishers: New Delhi, India.
Dorman HD, Koşar M, Kahlos K, Holm Y, Hiltunen R 2003. Antioxidant properties and composition of aqueous extracts from Mentha species, hybrids, varieties, and cultivars. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51(16): 4563-4569.
Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Novellino E, Souto EB, Daliu P, Santini A 2019. Abelmoschus esculentus (L.): Bioactive components’ beneficial properties-focused on antidiabetic role-for sustainable health applications. Molecules 24(1): 38.
Ellman GL, Courtney KD, Andres Jr V, Featherstone RM 1961. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical Pharmacology 7(2): 88-95.
Elmastaş M, Gülçin İ, Beydemir Ş, İrfan Küfrevioğlu Ö, Aboul‐Enein HY 2006a. A study on the in vitro antioxidant activity of juniper (Juniperus communis L.) fruit extracts. Analytical letters 39(1): 47-65.
Elmastas M, Türkekul İ, Öztürk L, Gülçin İ, Işıldak Ö, Aboul-Enein HY 2006b. The antioxidant activity of two wild edible mushrooms (Morchella vulgaris and Morchella esculanta). Combinatorial Chemistry and High Throughput Screening 9(6): 443-448.
Fan P, Hay AE, Marston A, Hostettmann K 2008. Acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory activity of linarin from Buddleja davidii, structure-activity relationships of related flavonoids, and chemical investigation of Buddleja nitida. Pharmaceutical Biology 46: 596-601.
Gemede HF, Ratta N, Haki GD, Woldegiorgis AZ, Beyene F 2015. Nutritional quality and health benefits of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus): A review. Journal of Food Processing & Technology 6(458): 2.
Graham JO, Agbenorhevi JK, Kpodo FM 2017. Total Phenol Content and Antioxidant Activity of Okra Seeds from Different Genotypes. American Journal of Food and Nutrition 5: 90–94.
Gülçin İ 2008. Measurement of antioxidant ability of melatonin and serotonin by the DMPD and CUPRAC methods as trolox equivalent. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry 23(6): 871-876.
Gülçin İ, Berashvili D, Gepdiremen A 2005. Antiradical and antioxidant activity of total anthocyanins from Perilla pankinensis decne. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 101: 287-293.
Gülçin İ, Küfrevioğlu Öİ, Oktay M, Büyükokuroğlu ME 2004. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiulcer and analgesic activities of nettle (Urtica dioica L.). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 90: 205-215.
Gülçin İ, Topal F, Oztürk Sarikaya SB, Bursal E, Gören AC, Bilsel M 2011. Polyphenol contents and antioxidant properties of medlar (Mespilus germanica L.). Records of Natural Products 5(3): 158-175.
Habtemariam S 2019. The chemical and pharmacological basis of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) as potential therapy for type 2 diabetes. In Medicinal Foods as Potential Therapies for Type-2 Diabetes and Associated Diseases; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands 307–332.
Idris S, Yisa J, Itodo A 2009. Proximate and mineral composition of the leaves of Abelmoschuses culentus. International Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food Systems 3: 50037.
Işık M 2019. The Binding Mechanisms and Inhibitory Effect of Intravenous Anesthetics on AChE In Vitro and In Vivo: Kinetic Analysis and Molecular Docking. Neurochemical Research 44: 2147-2155.
Jha AB, Panchal SS, Shah A 2018. Ellagic acid: Insights into its neuroprotective and cognitive enhancement effects in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 175: 33-46.
Khomsug P, Thongjaroenbuangam W, Pakdeenarong N, Suttajit M, Chantiratikul P 2010. Antioxidative activities and phenolic content of extracts from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). Research Journal of Biological Sciences 5(4): 310-313.
Köksal E, Gülçin İ 2008. Antioxidant activity of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 32(1): 65-78.
Köksal E, Tohma H, Kılıç Ö, Alan Y, Aras A, Gülçin İ, Bursal E 2017. Assessment of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Nepeta trachonitica: Analysis of its phenolic compounds using HPLC-MS/MS. Scientia pharmaceutica 85(2): 24.
Kumar DS, Tony DE, Kumar AP, Kumar KA, Rao DBS, Nadendla R 2013. A review on: Abelmoschus Esculentus (okra). International Research Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Sciences 3: 129–132.
Liao H, Dong W, Shi X, Liu H, Yuan K 2012. Analysis and comparison of the active components and antioxidant activities of extracts from Abelmoschus esculentus L, Pharmacognosy Magazine 8(30): 156–161.
Liu Y, Qi J, Luo J, Qin W, Luo Q, Zhang Q, Wu D, Lin D, Li S, Dong H 2019. Okra in food field: Nutritional value, health benefits and e_ects of processing methods on quality. Food Reviews International 37(1): 67-90.
Lu Y, Demleitner MF, Song L, Rychlik M, Huang D 2016 Oligomeric proanthocyanidins are the active compounds in Abelmoschus esculentus Moench for its a-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activity. Journal of Functional Foods 20: 463–471.
Necip A, Işık M 2019. Bioactivities of Hypericum perforatum L. and Equisetum arvense L. fractions obtained with different solvents. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology 2: 221-230.
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Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri
Bölüm	ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article)
Yazarlar	Arzu Kavaz Yüksel 0000-0001-8292-9259 Emrah Dikici 0000-0002-3086-8156 Mehmet Yüksel 0000-0001-6566-1385 Mesut Işık 0000-0002-4677-8104
Yayımlanma Tarihi	30 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi	30 Temmuz 2021
Kabul Tarihi	26 Kasım 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2022Cilt: 25 Sayı: 6

Kaynak Göster

APA	Kavaz Yüksel, A., Dikici, E., Yüksel, M., Işık, M. (2022). Abelmoschus esculentus (Bamya) Çiçeğinin Fitokimyasal Profili, Antioksidan, Antikolinerjik ve Antibakteriyel Özellikleri. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 25(6), 1205-1215. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.976717