Sustaining Soil Biological Activity: The Role of Extended Reduced and No-Tillage Techniques
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 27 Sayı: 6, 1443 - 1458, 07.11.2024
Murat Gencer
,
Mustafa Gök
,
İsmail Celik
Öz
Soil management techniques can have varying effects on various soil properties. This study investigated the impact of various tillage techniques on soil properties for 14 years. The experiment was conducted at the Çukurova University Research Station, located in a region with a dominant Mediterranean climate. The research aimed to assess the changes in soil organic matter (SOM) content, soil respiration (SR), dehydrogenase enzyme activity (DHA), and soil temperature (ST) under seven different long-term tillage practices. The results revealed significant increases (p ≤ 0.05) in SOM (17-115%), SR (19-37%), and DHA (63-142%), under conservation tillage compared to conventional tillage practices. Additionally, conventional tillage with stubble burned consistently had the lowest values across all measured properties. Seasons variations also significantly (p≤0.05) affected the observed values. These findings suggest that conventional tillage practices have a negative effect on the analyzed biological activities, with stubble burning further exacerbating this impact. Further research exploring the long-term effects of different tillage practices under varying crop rotations and soil conditions can contribute to the sustainable development of agricultural production in the region.
Destekleyen Kurum
Çukurova University Scientific Research Projects
Proje Numarası
FYL-2021-13511
Teşekkür
This paper was derived from a master thesis with a similar title and was funded by Çukurova University Scientific Research Projects [FYL-2021-13511]. We would like to thank Prof. Dr. Ali COŞKAN for his language support for the article. We also thank Prof. Dr. Hayriye İBRİKÇİ for reviewing the paper.
Kaynakça
- Akbolat, D., Evrendilek, F., Coskan, A., & Ekinci, K. (2009). Quantifying soil respiration in response to short-term tillage practices: a case study in southern Turkey. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science, 59(1), 50-56. https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710701833202
- Alkorta, I., Aizpurua, A., Riga, P., Albizu, I., Amézaga, I., & Garbisu, C. (2003). Soil enzyme activities as biological indicators of soil health. Reviews on environmental health, 18(1), 65-73.
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- Bilen, S., Çelik, A., & Altikat, S. (2010). Effects of strip and full-width tillage on soil carbon IV oxide-carbon (CO-C) fluxes and on bacterial and fungal populations in sunflower. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(38), 6312-6319.
- Bilim, H., & Korucu, T. (2016). Antepfıstığında Toprak İşleme Yöntemlerinin Yabancı Ot Yoğunluğu ve Ürün Verimine Etkisi. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(1), 32-36.
- Bogužas, V., Sinkevičienė, A., Romaneckas, K., Steponavičienė, V., Skinulienė, L., & Butkevičienė, L. M. (2018). The impact of tillage intensity and meteorological conditions on soil temperature, moisture content, and CO 2 efflux in maize and spring barley cultivation. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 105(4)., 1-5.
- Buragienė, S., Šarauskis, E., Romaneckas, K., Adamavičienė, A., Kriaučiūnienė, Z., Avižienytė, D., Marozas, V., & Naujokienė, V. (2019). Relationship between CO2 emissions and soil properties of differently tilled soils. Science of the Total Environment, 662, 786-795.
- Celik, I., Barut, Z. B., Ortas, I., Gok, M., Demirbas, A., Tulun, Y., & Akpinar, C. (2011). Impacts of different tillage practices on some soil microbiological properties and crop yield under semi-arid Mediterranean conditions. International Journal of Plant Production, 5(3), 237-254.
- Celik, I., Günal, H., Acar, M., Gök, M., Barut, Z. B., & Pamiralan, H. (2017). Long-term tillage and residue management effect on soil compaction and nitrate leaching in a Typic Haploxerert soil. International Journal of Plant Production, 11(1), 131-149.
- Çelik, I., Günal, H., Acir, N., Barut, Z. B., & Budak, M. (2021). Soil quality assessment to compare tillage systems in Cukurova Plain, Turkey. Soil & Tillage Research, 208, 104892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2020.104892
- Chen, H. Q., Hou, R. X., Gong, Y. S., Li, H. W., Fan, M. S., & Kuzyakov, Y. (2009). Effects of 11 years of conservation tillage on soil organic matter fractions in wheat monoculture in Loess Plateau of China. Soil & Tillage Research, 106(1), 85-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.09.009
- Cooper, R. J., Hama-Aziz, Z. Q., Hiscock, K. M., Lovett, A. A., Vrain, E., Dugdale, S. J., Sünnenberg, G., Dockerty, T., Hovesen, P., & Noble, L. (2020). Conservation tillage and soil health: Lessons from a 5-year UK farm trial (2013-2018). Soil & Tillage Research, 202, 104648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2020.104648
- Das, A., Lal, R., Patel, D. P., Idapuganti, R. G., Layek, J., Ngachan, S. V., Ghosh, P. K., Bordoloi, J., & Kumar, M. (2014). Effects of tillage and biomass on soil quality and productivity of lowland rice cultivation by small scale farmers in North Eastern India. Soil & Tillage Research, 143, 50-58.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.05.012
- Das, A., Layek, J., Ramkrushna, G. I., Rangappa, K., Lal, R., Ghosh, P. K., Choudhury, B. U., Mandal, S., Ngangom, B., Dey, U., & Prakash, N. (2019). Effects of tillage and rice residue management practices on lentil root architecture, productivity and soil properties in India's Lower Himalayas. Soil & Tillage Research, 194, 104313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.104313
- Doran, J. W., & Parkin, T. B. (1997). Quantitative indicators of soil quality: a minimum data set. Methods for assessing soil quality, 49, 25-37.
- Du, K., Li, F., Qiao, Y., Leng, P., Li, Z., Ge, J., & Yang, G. (2021). Influence of no-tillage and precipitation pulse on continuous soil respiration of summer maize affected by soil water in the North China Plain. Sci Total Environ, 766, 144384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144384
- Fiedler, S. R., Leinweber, P., Jurasinski, G., Eckhardt, K. U., & Glatzel, S. (2016). Tillage-induced short-term soil organic matter turnover and respiration. Soil, 2(3), 475-486. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-475-2016
- Futa, B., Kraska, P., Andruszczak, S., Gierasimiuk, P., & Jaroszuk-Sierocinska, M. (2021). Impact of Subsurface Application of Compound Mineral Fertilizer on Soil Enzymatic Activity under Reduced Tillage. Agronomy-Basel, 11(11), 2213. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112213
- Gajda, A. M., & Przewloka, B. (2012). Soil biological activity as affected by tillage intensity. International Agrophysics, 26(1), 15-23. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10247-012-0003-0
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Toprak Biyolojik Aktivitesinin Sürdürülmesi: Genişletilmiş Azaltılmış ve Sıfır Toprak İşlemenin Rolü
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 27 Sayı: 6, 1443 - 1458, 07.11.2024
Murat Gencer
,
Mustafa Gök
,
İsmail Celik
Öz
Toprak yönetimi tekniklerinin çeşitli toprak özellikleri üzerinde farklı etkileri olabilir. Bu çalışmada 14 yıl boyunca çeşitli toprak işleme tekniklerinin toprak özelliklerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Deney, Akdeniz ikliminin hâkim olduğu bir bölgede yer alan Çukurova Üniversitesi Araştırma İstasyonu'nda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma, uzun süreli yedi farklı toprak işleme uygulaması altında toprağın organik madde (SOM) içeriği, toprak solunumu (SR), dehidrogenaz enzim aktivitesi (DHA) ve toprak sıcaklığındaki (ST) değişiklikleri değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Sonuçlar, geleneksel toprak işleme uygulamalarıyla karşılaştırıldığında koruyucu toprak işleme altında SOM (%17-115), SR (%19-37) ve DHA'da (%63-142) önemli artışlar (p≤0.05) göstermiştir. Ek olarak, anızları yakılmış geleneksel toprak işleme, ölçülen tüm parametrelerde en düşük değerleri göstermiştir. Mevsim değişimleri de incelenen parametreleri önemli ölçüde (p≤0.05) etkilemiştir. Bu bulgular, geleneksel toprak işleme uygulamalarının incelenen biyolojik aktiviteler üzerinde olumsuz bir etkiye sahip olduğunu ve anız yakmanın bu etkiyi daha da artırdığını göstermektedir. Farklı toprak işleme tekniklerinin uzun vadeli etkilerini çeşitli bitki rotasyonları ve toprak koşulları altında araştırmak, bölgedeki tarımsal üretimin sürdürülebilir gelişimine katkıda bulunabilir.
Proje Numarası
FYL-2021-13511
Kaynakça
- Akbolat, D., Evrendilek, F., Coskan, A., & Ekinci, K. (2009). Quantifying soil respiration in response to short-term tillage practices: a case study in southern Turkey. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science, 59(1), 50-56. https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710701833202
- Alkorta, I., Aizpurua, A., Riga, P., Albizu, I., Amézaga, I., & Garbisu, C. (2003). Soil enzyme activities as biological indicators of soil health. Reviews on environmental health, 18(1), 65-73.
- AMS. (2021). General Directorate of State Meteorology Affairs, Adana Meteorology Station (AMS) https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=ADANA
- Bilen, S., Çelik, A., & Altikat, S. (2010). Effects of strip and full-width tillage on soil carbon IV oxide-carbon (CO-C) fluxes and on bacterial and fungal populations in sunflower. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(38), 6312-6319.
- Bilim, H., & Korucu, T. (2016). Antepfıstığında Toprak İşleme Yöntemlerinin Yabancı Ot Yoğunluğu ve Ürün Verimine Etkisi. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(1), 32-36.
- Bogužas, V., Sinkevičienė, A., Romaneckas, K., Steponavičienė, V., Skinulienė, L., & Butkevičienė, L. M. (2018). The impact of tillage intensity and meteorological conditions on soil temperature, moisture content, and CO 2 efflux in maize and spring barley cultivation. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 105(4)., 1-5.
- Buragienė, S., Šarauskis, E., Romaneckas, K., Adamavičienė, A., Kriaučiūnienė, Z., Avižienytė, D., Marozas, V., & Naujokienė, V. (2019). Relationship between CO2 emissions and soil properties of differently tilled soils. Science of the Total Environment, 662, 786-795.
- Celik, I., Barut, Z. B., Ortas, I., Gok, M., Demirbas, A., Tulun, Y., & Akpinar, C. (2011). Impacts of different tillage practices on some soil microbiological properties and crop yield under semi-arid Mediterranean conditions. International Journal of Plant Production, 5(3), 237-254.
- Celik, I., Günal, H., Acar, M., Gök, M., Barut, Z. B., & Pamiralan, H. (2017). Long-term tillage and residue management effect on soil compaction and nitrate leaching in a Typic Haploxerert soil. International Journal of Plant Production, 11(1), 131-149.
- Çelik, I., Günal, H., Acir, N., Barut, Z. B., & Budak, M. (2021). Soil quality assessment to compare tillage systems in Cukurova Plain, Turkey. Soil & Tillage Research, 208, 104892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2020.104892
- Chen, H. Q., Hou, R. X., Gong, Y. S., Li, H. W., Fan, M. S., & Kuzyakov, Y. (2009). Effects of 11 years of conservation tillage on soil organic matter fractions in wheat monoculture in Loess Plateau of China. Soil & Tillage Research, 106(1), 85-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.09.009
- Cooper, R. J., Hama-Aziz, Z. Q., Hiscock, K. M., Lovett, A. A., Vrain, E., Dugdale, S. J., Sünnenberg, G., Dockerty, T., Hovesen, P., & Noble, L. (2020). Conservation tillage and soil health: Lessons from a 5-year UK farm trial (2013-2018). Soil & Tillage Research, 202, 104648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2020.104648
- Das, A., Lal, R., Patel, D. P., Idapuganti, R. G., Layek, J., Ngachan, S. V., Ghosh, P. K., Bordoloi, J., & Kumar, M. (2014). Effects of tillage and biomass on soil quality and productivity of lowland rice cultivation by small scale farmers in North Eastern India. Soil & Tillage Research, 143, 50-58.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2014.05.012
- Das, A., Layek, J., Ramkrushna, G. I., Rangappa, K., Lal, R., Ghosh, P. K., Choudhury, B. U., Mandal, S., Ngangom, B., Dey, U., & Prakash, N. (2019). Effects of tillage and rice residue management practices on lentil root architecture, productivity and soil properties in India's Lower Himalayas. Soil & Tillage Research, 194, 104313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2019.104313
- Doran, J. W., & Parkin, T. B. (1997). Quantitative indicators of soil quality: a minimum data set. Methods for assessing soil quality, 49, 25-37.
- Du, K., Li, F., Qiao, Y., Leng, P., Li, Z., Ge, J., & Yang, G. (2021). Influence of no-tillage and precipitation pulse on continuous soil respiration of summer maize affected by soil water in the North China Plain. Sci Total Environ, 766, 144384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144384
- Fiedler, S. R., Leinweber, P., Jurasinski, G., Eckhardt, K. U., & Glatzel, S. (2016). Tillage-induced short-term soil organic matter turnover and respiration. Soil, 2(3), 475-486. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-475-2016
- Futa, B., Kraska, P., Andruszczak, S., Gierasimiuk, P., & Jaroszuk-Sierocinska, M. (2021). Impact of Subsurface Application of Compound Mineral Fertilizer on Soil Enzymatic Activity under Reduced Tillage. Agronomy-Basel, 11(11), 2213. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112213
- Gajda, A. M., & Przewloka, B. (2012). Soil biological activity as affected by tillage intensity. International Agrophysics, 26(1), 15-23. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10247-012-0003-0
- Gök, M., & Coskan, A. (2002). Sürdürülebilir ve organik tarımda biyolojik gübreleme GAP I. Tarım Kongresi, Ankara.
- Gök, M., Coskan, A., Onaç, I., Sağlamtimur, T., Tansı, V., Karip, B., & İnal, İ. (1999). Organik Gübrelemenin Toprakta N-Mineralizasyonuna, Denitrifikasyonla Azot Kaybına ve Mikrobiyel Aktiviteye Etkisi. GAP I. Tarım Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, 2, 971-978.
- Hou, X. Q., & Li, R. (2019). Interactive effects of autumn tillage with mulching on soil temperature, productivity and water use efficiency of rainfed potato in loess plateau of China. Agricultural Water Management, 224, 105747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105747
- IUSS. (2014). World reference base for soil resources 2014. International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps.
- Kandeler, E. (1996). Organic matter by wet combustion. Springer: Berlin. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60966-4_29
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