Öz
Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Kuzey Irak'ta süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinin süt hayvancılığının geleceğine ilişkin güvenlik duygularını analiz etmek ve işletmelerin çevresel faktörlerinin ve demografik özelliklerinin güvenlik duygularını nasıl etkilediğini araştırmaktır. Birincil veriler, Irak'ın kuzey bölgesindeki dört ildeki (Erbil, Süleymaniye, Dohuk ve Halepçe) 280 süt çiftçisinden toplanmıştır. Analiz için tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Ki-kare testi ve ikili lojistik regresyon kullanılmıştır. İkili lojistik regresyon analizinin sonuçları, yaş, cinsiyet, medeni durum, eğitim, deneyim ve hane büyüklüğünün çiftçilerin süt hayvancılığının geleceklerini güvence altına alıp alamayacağına ilişkin algılarını önemli ölçüde etkilediğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca, lojistik analizi, süt sığırcılığının beş unsuru olan teknoloji, süt çiftliği yapısı, hükümet politikası, pazarlama ve yayımın çiftçilerin süt hayvancılığı yoluyla gelecekteki güvenlik algılarıyla önemli ölçüde ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bununla birlikte, çalışma, makro düzeyde tarımsal kalkınmayı teşvik etmek için, politika oluşturma sürecinde çiftçilere destek hizmetlerinin sağlanmasının önceliklendirilmesinin gerekli olduğunu, böylece çiftçilerin bu hizmetlerden etkili bir şekilde yararlanarak çiftlik üretimini ve gelir seviyelerini artırabileceklerini vurgulamaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Süt sığırcılığı işletmesi Süt üretimi Hükümet politikası Güvenlik Irak
Kaynakça
- Abid-Al Ammer, H., Kadhim, N.F., Karim, M.S. & Ridha, A.A. (2017). Hazard indices and age group parameters of powder milk consumed in Iraq. Higher Education Research, 2(5), 117-122.
- Ağır, H.B. & Akbay, C. (2018). Factors affecting on the producers' utilization of beef cattle support. KSÜ Journal of Agriculture and Nature, 21(5), 738-744.
- Akbay, C. & Bilgiç, A. (2023). The effects of subsidies on the profitability of dairy cattle farming in Türkiye. KSU J. Agric Nat 26 (4), 888-901.
- Akbay, C., Bilgic, A., Tumer, E.İ. & Sami, A. (2016). Impact of agricultural subsidies policy on Türkiye dairy farming by using Binary Logit Model. The Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Uludag University, 30 (special issue), 33-38.
- Anugrah, IS., Ariningsih, E., Saliem, HP., Purwantini, TB., Suryani, E., Irawan, AR. & Hetherington, JB. (2021). Smallholder farmers’ perceptions and future aspirations toward dairy farming development in Bandung District, West Java, Earth and Environmental Science, 892, 1-8.
- Begizew, Y. (2008). Analysis of data from crop protection experiments using generalized linear model: The case of Parthenium (Doctoral dissertation, Addis Ababa University).
- Bragg, L.A. & Dalton, T.J. (2004). Factors affecting the decision to exit dairy farming: A two-stage regression analysis. Journal of Dairy Science, 87(9), 3092-3098.
- Draper, N.R. & Smith, H. (1981). Applied regression analysis, New York.
- Erdal, G., Erdal, H. & Çiçek, A. (2020). An analysis of the effects of livestock support policies on breeders: An example of TR83 region in Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 8(11), 2378-2387.
- Ganiyusufoğlu E., Aytop, Y. & Gezginç, Y. (2022). The determination of fermented food awareness and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic period on fermented food consumption in Türkiye. Progress in Nutrition, 24(4), e2022110.
- Hair, J.K., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J. & Anderson, R.E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis. 7th ed. Pearson Education Limited, Harlow, UK.
- Hakim, E.A. & Akbay, C. (2022). Analysis of milk production and trade in Iraq. Eurasian Journal Of Agricultural Economics (EJAE), 2(1), 29-40.
- Hosmer, D.W., Lemeshow, S. & Sturdivant, R.X. (2013). Applied logistic regression. 3th ed. John Wiley&Sons, Inc., New Jersey, USA.
- IFAD, (2017). Smallholder agriculture revitalization project design completion report: Main report and appendices. The Republic of Iraq, North East and Near Africa Programme Management Department, IFAD, “https://webapps.ifad.org/members/lapse-of-time/docs/english/EB-2017-LOT-P-10-Project-Design-Report.pdf”
- Jongerden, J.P., Wolters, W. & Dijkxhoorn, Y. (2018). Explorative study agricultural development in Iraq. Final Report, November 9.
- Kuteesa, E. & Waholi, E. (2018). Smallholder dairy farmer characteristics and their relationships with type of breeds kept in Uganda. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 9(16), 205-2014.
- Lien, G., Kumbhakar, S.C. & Hardaker, J.B. (2017). Accounting for risk in productivity analysis: an application to Norwegian dairy farming. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 47(3), 247-257.
- Lucani P. & Saade, M. (2012). Iraq: Agriculture sector note, country highlights prepared under the FAO/World Bank Cooperative Programme, Italy.
- Manell, T. & Roberson, S. (2015). CLARA: Designing Safer livelihoods Programs in Iraq.
- Mutura, J.K., Nyairo, N., Mwangi, M. & Wambugu, S.K. (2015). Vertical and horizontal integration as Determinants of market channel choice among smallholder dairy farmers in lower Central Kenya. Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 2(2), 83-90.
- Nakane, M. & Tauer, L.W. (2009). Empirical dairy profits under fluctuating prices, Applied Economics, 41(1), 5-15.
- Nanakali, H.A.M. (2021). Rural sustainable development policies in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and their impact on migration. The case of Erbil Governorate, International Planning Studies, http://hdl.handle.net/2003/40231
- Newbold, P. (1995). Statistics for business and economics, Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey.
- Ramos, R.N.M. (2021). Family labor organization for dairy farming in western Mexico. Between the search for productivity and well-being. Journal of Rural Studies, 88, 354-367.
- Rojas-Downing, M.M., Nejadhashemi, A.P., Harrigan, T. & Woznicki, S.A. (2017). Climate Change and Livestock: Impacts, Adaptation, and Mitigation. Climate Risk Management, 16, 145-163.
- Smith, V.H. & Glauber, J.W. (2012). Agricultural Insurance in Developed Countries: Where Have We been and Where Are We Going? Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 34(3), 363-390.
- UNDP, 2019. Analysis On Crops, Water Resources And Irrigation, And Selected Value Chains. https://info.undp.org/docs/pdc/Documents/IRQ/Agricultural%20Study%20-KRI%202019.pdf
Öz
The main purpose of this study was to analyze dairy farmers' feelings of safety about the future of dairy farming in the northern region of Iraq and to investigate how environmental factors and demographic characteristics of dairy farms impact their sense of security. Primary data were collected from 280 dairy farmers in four provinces of northern Iraq: Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Dohuk, and Halabja. Descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression were employed for analysis. The results of binary logistic regression analysis indicated that age, gender, marital status, education, experience, and household size significantly influenced farmers’ perceptions of whether dairy farming could secure their future. Moreover, the binary logistic analysis revealed that five elements of dairy farming – technology, dairy farm structure, government policy, marketing, and extension – were significantly associated with farmers' perceptions of future security through dairy farming. However, the study concludes that to promote agricultural development at the macro level, it is essential to prioritize the provision of support services to farmers in policy formulation so that farmers can effectively leverage these services to enhance farm production and income levels.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Etik Beyan
We would like to say that this article has not been published or submitted for publication elsewhere, and that it will not be submitted for publication elsewhere unless rejected by the editor.
Teşekkür
This study was produced from the second author’s PhD thesis " The Effect of Government Policy on Dairy Farms in the Northern Region of Iraq" accepted by Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences.
Kaynakça
- Abid-Al Ammer, H., Kadhim, N.F., Karim, M.S. & Ridha, A.A. (2017). Hazard indices and age group parameters of powder milk consumed in Iraq. Higher Education Research, 2(5), 117-122.
- Ağır, H.B. & Akbay, C. (2018). Factors affecting on the producers' utilization of beef cattle support. KSÜ Journal of Agriculture and Nature, 21(5), 738-744.
- Akbay, C. & Bilgiç, A. (2023). The effects of subsidies on the profitability of dairy cattle farming in Türkiye. KSU J. Agric Nat 26 (4), 888-901.
- Akbay, C., Bilgic, A., Tumer, E.İ. & Sami, A. (2016). Impact of agricultural subsidies policy on Türkiye dairy farming by using Binary Logit Model. The Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Uludag University, 30 (special issue), 33-38.
- Anugrah, IS., Ariningsih, E., Saliem, HP., Purwantini, TB., Suryani, E., Irawan, AR. & Hetherington, JB. (2021). Smallholder farmers’ perceptions and future aspirations toward dairy farming development in Bandung District, West Java, Earth and Environmental Science, 892, 1-8.
- Begizew, Y. (2008). Analysis of data from crop protection experiments using generalized linear model: The case of Parthenium (Doctoral dissertation, Addis Ababa University).
- Bragg, L.A. & Dalton, T.J. (2004). Factors affecting the decision to exit dairy farming: A two-stage regression analysis. Journal of Dairy Science, 87(9), 3092-3098.
- Draper, N.R. & Smith, H. (1981). Applied regression analysis, New York.
- Erdal, G., Erdal, H. & Çiçek, A. (2020). An analysis of the effects of livestock support policies on breeders: An example of TR83 region in Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 8(11), 2378-2387.
- Ganiyusufoğlu E., Aytop, Y. & Gezginç, Y. (2022). The determination of fermented food awareness and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic period on fermented food consumption in Türkiye. Progress in Nutrition, 24(4), e2022110.
- Hair, J.K., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J. & Anderson, R.E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis. 7th ed. Pearson Education Limited, Harlow, UK.
- Hakim, E.A. & Akbay, C. (2022). Analysis of milk production and trade in Iraq. Eurasian Journal Of Agricultural Economics (EJAE), 2(1), 29-40.
- Hosmer, D.W., Lemeshow, S. & Sturdivant, R.X. (2013). Applied logistic regression. 3th ed. John Wiley&Sons, Inc., New Jersey, USA.
- IFAD, (2017). Smallholder agriculture revitalization project design completion report: Main report and appendices. The Republic of Iraq, North East and Near Africa Programme Management Department, IFAD, “https://webapps.ifad.org/members/lapse-of-time/docs/english/EB-2017-LOT-P-10-Project-Design-Report.pdf”
- Jongerden, J.P., Wolters, W. & Dijkxhoorn, Y. (2018). Explorative study agricultural development in Iraq. Final Report, November 9.
- Kuteesa, E. & Waholi, E. (2018). Smallholder dairy farmer characteristics and their relationships with type of breeds kept in Uganda. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 9(16), 205-2014.
- Lien, G., Kumbhakar, S.C. & Hardaker, J.B. (2017). Accounting for risk in productivity analysis: an application to Norwegian dairy farming. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 47(3), 247-257.
- Lucani P. & Saade, M. (2012). Iraq: Agriculture sector note, country highlights prepared under the FAO/World Bank Cooperative Programme, Italy.
- Manell, T. & Roberson, S. (2015). CLARA: Designing Safer livelihoods Programs in Iraq.
- Mutura, J.K., Nyairo, N., Mwangi, M. & Wambugu, S.K. (2015). Vertical and horizontal integration as Determinants of market channel choice among smallholder dairy farmers in lower Central Kenya. Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 2(2), 83-90.
- Nakane, M. & Tauer, L.W. (2009). Empirical dairy profits under fluctuating prices, Applied Economics, 41(1), 5-15.
- Nanakali, H.A.M. (2021). Rural sustainable development policies in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and their impact on migration. The case of Erbil Governorate, International Planning Studies, http://hdl.handle.net/2003/40231
- Newbold, P. (1995). Statistics for business and economics, Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey.
- Ramos, R.N.M. (2021). Family labor organization for dairy farming in western Mexico. Between the search for productivity and well-being. Journal of Rural Studies, 88, 354-367.
- Rojas-Downing, M.M., Nejadhashemi, A.P., Harrigan, T. & Woznicki, S.A. (2017). Climate Change and Livestock: Impacts, Adaptation, and Mitigation. Climate Risk Management, 16, 145-163.
- Smith, V.H. & Glauber, J.W. (2012). Agricultural Insurance in Developed Countries: Where Have We been and Where Are We Going? Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 34(3), 363-390.
- UNDP, 2019. Analysis On Crops, Water Resources And Irrigation, And Selected Value Chains. https://info.undp.org/docs/pdc/Documents/IRQ/Agricultural%20Study%20-KRI%202019.pdf
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Tarım Politikaları |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 19 Aralık 2024 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 3 Nisan 2024 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 4 Ekim 2024 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024Cilt: 27 Sayı: Ek Sayı 2 (Suppl 2) |
2022-JIF = 0.500
2022-JCI = 0.170
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