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Sex Determination in Young and Adult Rainbow Trout Using Geometric Morphometrics Analysis

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 27 Sayı: Ek Sayı 2 (Suppl 2), 533 - 541

Nimet Turgut , Saadettin Tıpırdamaz , Hakan Yalçın

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1518236

Öz

Sex determination in rainbow trout generally involves the subjective evaluation of body shape and color in sexually mature individuals. The present study aimed to evaluate sex differences in body geometry in both young and adult individuals of rainbow trout using geometric morphometry. A total of 80 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) individuals were studied, including 40 young individuals (20 females and 20 males) and 40 adult individuals (20 females and 20 males). Sixteen homologous landmarks were evaluated in the left lateral images of the studied trout. Geometric morphometrics procedures were applied separately to young and adult fish to determine the sex differences. The results revealed that in young male trout individuals, the origin point of the pelvic fin was posteroventral, and the anterior tip of the nose was anterodorsal, compared to females. When adult male trout fish were compared to their female counterparts, the anterior tip of the nose was observed to be anterodorsal, and the anterodorsal corner of the dorsal fin was dorsal. In the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), PCA 1–2 explained 61.49% of the total variance between the sexes in young trout and 43.48% of the total variation in adult trout. The use of geometric morphometry enabled easy determination of sex differences, particularly in young rainbow trout and partly in adult rainbow trout. Therefore, geometric morphometry could serve as a cost-effective, non-invasive, and feasible approach for the sex determination of fish in trout farms to achieve simple, sustainable, economical, and high-value-added fish farming within a short duration.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Trout, Morphometry Sexual Dimorphism

Etik Beyan

All procedures were carried out after receiving Experimental Animal Production and the Research Center at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University Ethics Committee approval (2015/90).

Destekleyen Kurum

Selcuk University, the Academic Staff Training Program Coordination Unıt, (Project Number: 2014-OYP-022) provided the fund support

Proje Numarası

2014-OYP-022

Teşekkür

This study was derived from a part of the M.S. thesis prepared by the first author under the supervision of the other authors. This study was supported by the Selcuk University, the Academic Staff Training Program Coordination Unıt, (Project Number: 2014-OYP-022). Findings of a part of the investigation, the abstract was presented as oral presentation presentation at the 1st International Veterinary Anatomy Congress and was published as a summary text in the congress book. The authors would like to thank Assistant Professor Dr. Sedat Aydoğdu and Murat Dil for their help during sample receiving.

Kaynakça

  • Adams, D.C., Rohlf, F.J., & Slice, D.E. (2004). Geometric morphometrics: ten years of progress following the ‘revolution’. Italian Journal of Zoology, 71(1), 5-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 11250000409356545
  • Altun, A., Şehriban, Ç., & Çembertaş, E. (2015). Sexual Dimorphism in Cyphotilapia frontosa Determined by Geometric Morphometry. Aquaculture Studies, 15(3), 13-20. https://doi.org/10.17693/ yunusae. v15i21957.235771
  • Altunok, M., Kızak, V., Özden, O., & Türel, M. (2008). The influence of environmental factors on sex determination in fish. E.U. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 25(3), 247-51.
  • Arslan, T, Güven, E., & Baltacı, M. (2010). Monosex Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Production by Means of Hormonal Sex Reversal Method. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(Suppl-B), 361-368.
  • Aydın, F. (2009). Alabalık biyolojisi ve yetiştirme teknikleri. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/BSGM/Belgeler/Icerikler/Su%20%C3%9Cr%C3%BCnleri%20Yeti%C5%9Ftiricili%C4%9Fi/Yetistirme_Teknikleri.pdf.
  • Baki, B., Kaya Öztürk, D., & Tomgişi, S. (2021). Determination of the element values of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) Eggs. KSU J. Agric Nat 24 (5): 948-956. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.841222.
  • Baroiller, J.F., Guiguen, Y., & Fostier, A. (1999). Endocrine and environmental aspects of sex differentiation in fish. CMLS Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 55(6-7), 910-931. https://doi.org/10.1007/s000180050344
  • Baroiller, J.F., & D'Cotta, H. (2001). Environment and sex determination in farmed fish. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 130(4), 399-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1532-0456(01)00267-8
  • Berns, C.M. (2013). The evolution of sexual dimorphism: understanding mechanisms of sexual shape differences. Chapter 1, InTech.
  • Bookstein, F.L. (1991). Morphometric tools for landmark data: Geometry and biology. In: Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
  • Bristow, P. (1992). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fishes. Illustrated by Kwetoslow Hisek
  • Cadrin, S.X. (2000). Advances in morphometric identification of fishery stocks. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 10, 91-112. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008939104413
  • Çelikkale, M.S. (1994). İç su balıkları yetiştiriciliği. KTÜ Basımevi, Trabzon.
  • Dryden, I.L. (2014). Shape analysis. Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online; https://doi: 10.1002/9781118445112.stat05087
  • Duff, N.M., Sommerfeld, R.E., & Litvak, M.K. (2019). Discriminating sex in zebrafish (Danio rerio) using geometric morphometrics. Zebrafish, 16(2), 207-213. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2018.1664
  • Ekingen, G. (1975). Alabalık ve som balığı kültürü. Fırat Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, Yayın no: 3, Ankara
  • Guiguen, Y., Baroiller, J. F., Ricordel, M. J., Iseki, K., McMeel, O. M., Martin, S. A. M., & Fostier, A. (1999). Involvement of estrogens in the process of sex differentiation in two fish species: the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and a tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Molecular Reproduction and Development: Incorporating Gamete Research, 54(2), 154-162. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199910)54:2<154::AID-MRD7>3.0.CO;2-5
  • Gurkan, S., & Innal, D. (2021). Determination of Sexual Dimorphism in the Freshwater Blenny, Salaria fluviatilis (Asso, 1801), Distributed in Brackish Water Habitats. Acta Natura et Scientia, 2(2), 118-123. https://doi.org/10.29329/actanatsci.2021.350.05
  • Hammer, Ø., Harper, D.A.T., & Ryan, P.D., (2016). PAST: Palaeontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia electronica, 4(1), 1-9.
  • Hanson, K. C., Gravel, M. A., Graham, A., Shoji, A., & Cooke, S. J. (2008). Sexual variation in fisheries research and management: when does sex matter? Reviews in Fisheries Science, 16(4), 421-436. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641260802013866
  • Hard, J.J., Berejikian, B.A., Tezak, E.P., Schroder, S.L., Knudsen, C.M., & Parker, L.T. (2000). Evidence for morphometric differentiation of wild and captively reared adult coho salmon: a geometric analysis. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 58(1), 61-73. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007646332666
  • Holloway, A.E. (2012). Morphometric analysis for nonlethal sex determination in brook trout: a new tool for research and management. [Dissertation, John Hopkins University]
  • Lenarz, W.H., & Echeverria, T.W. (1991). Sexual dimorphism in Sebastes. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 30, 71-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02296878
  • Mank, J.E., Promislow, D.E., & Avise, J.C. (2006). Evolution of alternative sex-determining mechanisms in teleost fishes. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 87(1), 83-93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00558.x
  • Monet, G., Uyanik, A., & Champigneulle, A. (2006). Geometric morphometrics reveals sexual and genotypic dimorphisms in the brown trout. Aquat Living Resour, 19(1), 47-57. https://doi.org/10.1051/alr:2006004
  • NAV, (2017). Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria. International committee on veterinary gross anatomical nomenclature. Hanover (Germany)
  • Nitychoruk, J.M., Gutowsky, L.F.G., Harrison, P.M., Hossie, T.J., Power, M., & Cooke, S.J. (2013). Sexual and seasonal dimorphism in adult adfluvial bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 91(7), 480-488. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2012-0294
  • Oliveira, R.F., & Almada, V.C. (1995). Sexual dimorphism and allometry of external morphology in Oreochromis mossambicus. Journal of fish biology, 46(6),1055-1064. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb01409.x
  • Ostrander, G., Bullock, G., & Bunton, T.E. (2000). The laboratory fish (handbook of experimental animal). Academic Press, USA,
  • Özyılmaz, A., Ocak, K., & Demirci, S. (2023). Divergences of biochemical features of three reared trouts;brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis, Mitchill 1814), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1972),and black sea trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas 1811). KSU J. Agric Nat 26 (1), 192- 200.https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1038290
  • Parvis, E.S. (2016). Sexual dimorphism and size-related changes in body shape in tule perch, a native California live-bearing fish. [Dissertation, California State University]
  • Quillet, E., Labbe, L., & Queau, I. (2004). Asymmetry in sexual development of gonads in intersex rainbow trout. Journal of Fish Biology, 64(4), 1147-1151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.00373.x
  • Quinn, T.P., & Foote, C.J. (1994). The effects of body size and sexual dimorphism on the reproductive behaviour of sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. Animal Behaviour, 48(4), 751-761. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1994.1300
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Geometrik Morfometri Analiz Yöntemi Kullanılarak Genç ve Erişkin Gökkuşağı Alabalıklarında Cinsiyet Tayini

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 27 Sayı: Ek Sayı 2 (Suppl 2), 533 - 541

Nimet Turgut , Saadettin Tıpırdamaz , Hakan Yalçın

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1518236

Öz

Gökkuşağı alabalıklarında cinsiyet ayrımındaki genel yaklaşım, eşeysel olgunluğa erişmiş bireylerde vücut şekli ve renginin öznel değerlendirmesidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, genç ve erişkin gökkuşağı alabalıkları arasındaki vücut geometrisine dayalı cinsiyet farklılıklarını geometrik morfometri ile değerlendirmektir. Çalışma 40 genç (20 dişi, 20 erkek) ve 40 erişkin (20 dişi, 20 erkek) olmak üzere toplam 80 adet gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Tüm alabalıkların sol lateral yönlü görüntüleri üzerinde 16 adet homolog landmark kullanılmıştır. Cinsiyetler arasında ayrımın yapılabilmesi için genç ve erişkin balıklara ayrı ayrı geometrik morfometrik prosedürler uygulanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, genç erkek alabalık örneklerinde dişilere göre, pelvik yüzgecin orijin noktasının posterioventral yönlü olduğu ve burnun uç noktasının ise anteriodorsal yönelim gösterdiği belirlendi. Erişkin erkek alabalıkların dişilerle karşılaştırıldığında, burnun uç noktasının anteriodorsal yönlü olduğu, dorsal yüzgeçin anteriodorsal köşe noktasının ise dorsal yönlü olduğu tespit edildi. PCA (Principal Component) skorları, PCA 1-2’nin cinsiyet grupları arasındaki toplam varyansın gençlerde %61.49’unu erişkinlerde %43.48’ini açıkladığını göstermektedir. Geometrik morfometri ile özellikle genç, kısmen de erişkin gökkuşağı alabalıklarında eşeysel farklılıklar kolaylıkla tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak ucuz, invaziv olmayan ve herkesin erişebileceği pratik bir yöntem olan geometrik morfometrinin cinsiyetin tanımlamasına yardımcı olarak, alabalık yetiştiriciliği yapan işletmelerin kısa sürede kolay, sürdürülebilir, ekonomik ve katma değeri yüksek balık yetiştiriciliği yapabilmelerine katkı sağlayabileceğini düşünüyoruz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alabalık, Morfometri Eşeysel Dimorphism

Etik Beyan

All procedures were carried out after receiving Experimental Animal Production and the Research Center at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University Ethics Committee approval (2015/90).

Destekleyen Kurum

Selcuk University, the Academic Staff Training Program Coordination Unıt, (Project Number: 2014-OYP-022) provided the fund support

Proje Numarası

2014-OYP-022

Teşekkür

This study was derived from a part of the M.S. thesis prepared by the first author under the supervision of the other authors. This study was supported by the Selcuk University, the Academic Staff Training Program Coordination Unıt, (Project Number: 2014-OYP-022). Findings of a part of the investigation, the abstract was presented as oral presentation presentation at the 1st International Veterinary Anatomy Congress and was published as a summary text in the congress book. The authors would like to thank Assistant Professor Dr. Sedat Aydoğdu and Murat Dil for their help during sample receiving.

Kaynakça

  • Adams, D.C., Rohlf, F.J., & Slice, D.E. (2004). Geometric morphometrics: ten years of progress following the ‘revolution’. Italian Journal of Zoology, 71(1), 5-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 11250000409356545
  • Altun, A., Şehriban, Ç., & Çembertaş, E. (2015). Sexual Dimorphism in Cyphotilapia frontosa Determined by Geometric Morphometry. Aquaculture Studies, 15(3), 13-20. https://doi.org/10.17693/ yunusae. v15i21957.235771
  • Altunok, M., Kızak, V., Özden, O., & Türel, M. (2008). The influence of environmental factors on sex determination in fish. E.U. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 25(3), 247-51.
  • Arslan, T, Güven, E., & Baltacı, M. (2010). Monosex Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Production by Means of Hormonal Sex Reversal Method. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(Suppl-B), 361-368.
  • Aydın, F. (2009). Alabalık biyolojisi ve yetiştirme teknikleri. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/BSGM/Belgeler/Icerikler/Su%20%C3%9Cr%C3%BCnleri%20Yeti%C5%9Ftiricili%C4%9Fi/Yetistirme_Teknikleri.pdf.
  • Baki, B., Kaya Öztürk, D., & Tomgişi, S. (2021). Determination of the element values of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) Eggs. KSU J. Agric Nat 24 (5): 948-956. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.841222.
  • Baroiller, J.F., Guiguen, Y., & Fostier, A. (1999). Endocrine and environmental aspects of sex differentiation in fish. CMLS Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 55(6-7), 910-931. https://doi.org/10.1007/s000180050344
  • Baroiller, J.F., & D'Cotta, H. (2001). Environment and sex determination in farmed fish. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 130(4), 399-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1532-0456(01)00267-8
  • Berns, C.M. (2013). The evolution of sexual dimorphism: understanding mechanisms of sexual shape differences. Chapter 1, InTech.
  • Bookstein, F.L. (1991). Morphometric tools for landmark data: Geometry and biology. In: Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
  • Bristow, P. (1992). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fishes. Illustrated by Kwetoslow Hisek
  • Cadrin, S.X. (2000). Advances in morphometric identification of fishery stocks. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 10, 91-112. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008939104413
  • Çelikkale, M.S. (1994). İç su balıkları yetiştiriciliği. KTÜ Basımevi, Trabzon.
  • Dryden, I.L. (2014). Shape analysis. Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online; https://doi: 10.1002/9781118445112.stat05087
  • Duff, N.M., Sommerfeld, R.E., & Litvak, M.K. (2019). Discriminating sex in zebrafish (Danio rerio) using geometric morphometrics. Zebrafish, 16(2), 207-213. https://doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2018.1664
  • Ekingen, G. (1975). Alabalık ve som balığı kültürü. Fırat Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, Yayın no: 3, Ankara
  • Guiguen, Y., Baroiller, J. F., Ricordel, M. J., Iseki, K., McMeel, O. M., Martin, S. A. M., & Fostier, A. (1999). Involvement of estrogens in the process of sex differentiation in two fish species: the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and a tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Molecular Reproduction and Development: Incorporating Gamete Research, 54(2), 154-162. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199910)54:2<154::AID-MRD7>3.0.CO;2-5
  • Gurkan, S., & Innal, D. (2021). Determination of Sexual Dimorphism in the Freshwater Blenny, Salaria fluviatilis (Asso, 1801), Distributed in Brackish Water Habitats. Acta Natura et Scientia, 2(2), 118-123. https://doi.org/10.29329/actanatsci.2021.350.05
  • Hammer, Ø., Harper, D.A.T., & Ryan, P.D., (2016). PAST: Palaeontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia electronica, 4(1), 1-9.
  • Hanson, K. C., Gravel, M. A., Graham, A., Shoji, A., & Cooke, S. J. (2008). Sexual variation in fisheries research and management: when does sex matter? Reviews in Fisheries Science, 16(4), 421-436. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641260802013866
  • Hard, J.J., Berejikian, B.A., Tezak, E.P., Schroder, S.L., Knudsen, C.M., & Parker, L.T. (2000). Evidence for morphometric differentiation of wild and captively reared adult coho salmon: a geometric analysis. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 58(1), 61-73. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007646332666
  • Holloway, A.E. (2012). Morphometric analysis for nonlethal sex determination in brook trout: a new tool for research and management. [Dissertation, John Hopkins University]
  • Lenarz, W.H., & Echeverria, T.W. (1991). Sexual dimorphism in Sebastes. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 30, 71-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02296878
  • Mank, J.E., Promislow, D.E., & Avise, J.C. (2006). Evolution of alternative sex-determining mechanisms in teleost fishes. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 87(1), 83-93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00558.x
  • Monet, G., Uyanik, A., & Champigneulle, A. (2006). Geometric morphometrics reveals sexual and genotypic dimorphisms in the brown trout. Aquat Living Resour, 19(1), 47-57. https://doi.org/10.1051/alr:2006004
  • NAV, (2017). Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria. International committee on veterinary gross anatomical nomenclature. Hanover (Germany)
  • Nitychoruk, J.M., Gutowsky, L.F.G., Harrison, P.M., Hossie, T.J., Power, M., & Cooke, S.J. (2013). Sexual and seasonal dimorphism in adult adfluvial bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 91(7), 480-488. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2012-0294
  • Oliveira, R.F., & Almada, V.C. (1995). Sexual dimorphism and allometry of external morphology in Oreochromis mossambicus. Journal of fish biology, 46(6),1055-1064. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb01409.x
  • Ostrander, G., Bullock, G., & Bunton, T.E. (2000). The laboratory fish (handbook of experimental animal). Academic Press, USA,
  • Özyılmaz, A., Ocak, K., & Demirci, S. (2023). Divergences of biochemical features of three reared trouts;brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis, Mitchill 1814), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1972),and black sea trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas 1811). KSU J. Agric Nat 26 (1), 192- 200.https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1038290
  • Parvis, E.S. (2016). Sexual dimorphism and size-related changes in body shape in tule perch, a native California live-bearing fish. [Dissertation, California State University]
  • Quillet, E., Labbe, L., & Queau, I. (2004). Asymmetry in sexual development of gonads in intersex rainbow trout. Journal of Fish Biology, 64(4), 1147-1151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.00373.x
  • Quinn, T.P., & Foote, C.J. (1994). The effects of body size and sexual dimorphism on the reproductive behaviour of sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. Animal Behaviour, 48(4), 751-761. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1994.1300
  • Radojković, N., Marinović, Z., Milošković, A., Radenković, M., Ðuretanović, S., Lujić, J., & Simić, V. (2019). Effects of stream damming on morphological variability of fish: Case study on large spot barbell Barbus balcanicus. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 19(3), 231-239. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v19_3_06
  • Rohlf, F.J., & Marcus, L.F. (1993). A revolution morphometrics. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. Elsevier, 8(4), 129-132.
  • Rohlf, F.J. (2016). TpsDig2 v.2.26, TpsRelw v.1.62, TpsUtil v.1.69, https://sbmorphometrics.org/.
  • Rohlf, F.J. (2015).TpsSmall v.1.33, https://sbmorphometrics.org/.
  • Salinas, P., Molina, F., Hernández, N., & Sandoval, C. (2022). Phenotypic response of male and neomale of O. mykiss parr subjected to 8º and 16 ºC water temperature during early life stage. Aquaculture Reports, 22, 100996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2021.100996
  • Sarıeyyüpoğlu, M., Canpolat, İ., & Köprücü, S.Ş. (2003). Examinations of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) with using ultrasonography. E.U. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 20(1-2), 211-216.
  • Scott, W.B., & Crossman, E.J. (1973). Freshwater Fishes of Canada, Ottawa: Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Canada.
  • Sevastei, V., Painefilú, J. C., Cussac, V. E., & Crichigno, S. A. (2024). Phenotypic differences between non-native populations of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in the Argentinean Patagonia. Hydrobiologia, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-024-05569-4
  • Špelić, I., Rezić, A., Kanjuh, T., Marić, A., Maguire, I., Simonović, P., Radočaj, T., & Piria, M. (2021). Application of the geometric morphometrics approach in the discrimination of morphological traits between brown trout lineages in the Danube Basin of Croatia. Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, (422)22, 1- 10. https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2021021
  • Strauss, R.E., & Bond, C.E. (1990). Taxonomic methods: morphology. In: Methods for Fish Biology, American Fisheries Society
  • Takacs, P., Vital, Z., Ferincz, Á., & Staszny, Á. (2016). Repeatability, reproducibility, separative power and subjectivity of different fish morphometric analysis methods. PLoS One, 11(6), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157890
  • Tamate, T. (2004). Sexual difference in masu salmon: female-biased sexual size dimorphism in a lacustrine population, northern Hokkaido, Japan. In Neo-Science of Natural History: Integration of Geoscience and Biodiversity Studies: Proceedings of International Symposium on" Dawn of a New Natural History-Integration of Geoscience and Biodiversity Studies" March 5-6, Sapporo (pp. 79-83). Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University.
  • Tenugu, S., & Senthilkumaran, B. (2022). Sexual plasticity in bony fishes: Analyzing morphological to molecular changes of sex reversal. Aquaculture and Fisheries, 7(5), 525-539.
  • Topic Popovic, N., Strunjak‐Perovic, I., Coz‐Rakovac, R., Barisic, J., Jadan, M., Persin Berakovic, A., & Sauerborn Klobucar, R. (2012). Tricaine methane‐sulfonate (MS‐222) application in fish anaesthesia. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 28(4), 553-564.
  • Wearmouth, V. J., & Sims, D. W. (2008). Sexual segregation in marine fish, reptiles, birds and mammals: behaviour patterns, mechanisms, and conservation implications. Advances in marine biology, 54, 107-170.
  • Wessel, M.L., Smoker, W.W., & Joyce, J.E. (2006). Variation of morphology among juvenile Chinook salmon of hatchery, hybrid, and wild origin. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 135(2), 333-340. https://doi.org/10.1577/T04-078.1
  • Willson, M. F. (1997). Variation in salmonid life histories: patterns and perspectives (Vol. 498). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station.
  • Zelditch, M.L., Swiderski, D.L., & Sheets, H.D. (2012). Geometric morphometrics for biologists: a primer. Academic Press, New York
  • Závorka, L., Larranaga, N., Lovén Wallerius, M., Näslund, J., Koeck, B., Wengström, N., Cucherousset, J., & Johnsson, J. I. (2020). Within-stream phenotypic divergence in head shape of brown trout associated with invasive brook trout. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 129(2), 347-355.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Balık Anatomisi
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article)
Yazarlar

Nimet Turgut 0000-0001-6446-2958

Saadettin Tıpırdamaz 0000-0003-4786-2612

Hakan Yalçın 0000-0001-6102-9665

Proje Numarası 2014-OYP-022
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 19 Aralık 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 24 Ekim 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024Cilt: 27 Sayı: Ek Sayı 2 (Suppl 2)

Kaynak Göster

APA Turgut, N., Tıpırdamaz, S., & Yalçın, H. (2024). Sex Determination in Young and Adult Rainbow Trout Using Geometric Morphometrics Analysis. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım Ve Doğa Dergisi, 27(Ek Sayı 2 (Suppl 2), 533-541. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1518236
 Kapak Resmi İndir

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