Öz
Dünyada tarımsal üretimde zararlılarla mücadele etmek için kullanılan pestisitler ekosistemde bazı negatif dışsallıklara yol açmaktadır. Pestisit kullanımı bal arıları üzerinde ciddi problemler oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı pestisit kullanımı ve bal verimi arasındaki ilişkiyi 1992-2017 periyodunda panel veri analizi yöntemi ile test etmektir. Bu amaca yönelik olarak Dünya bal üretiminin %43’ünü temsil eden ülkelerden Çin, Türkiye, İran ve Hindistan örnek olarak seçilmiştir. Bal verimi ve toplam pestisit kullanımı arasındaki ilişki Panel Pedroni eş bütünleşme testi ile incelendikten sonra bal verimi üzerinde pestisit kullanımının etkisi sağlam bir şekilde ölçmek için Panel Dinamik En Küçük Kareler (DOLS) yöntemi ve Gecikmesi Dağıtılmış Otoregresif (ARDL) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. DOLS analizi sonucunda, pestisit kullanımında %1'lik bir artış olması durumunda bal veriminde %0.37'lik bir azalma olduğu tespit edilmiştir. ARDL sonuçlarına göre kısa dönemde pestisit kullanımında %1 artışın olması durumunda bal veriminde %0.18 artış görünmesine rağmen uzun dönemde bal veriminde %0.24 azalış olduğu hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan her iki analiz yöntemine göre de pestisitin bal verimini düşürdüğü görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, arıların yaşam yerlerinden uzak yerlerde ve daha az pestisit kullanımının arıların yaşam kalitesini ve bal verimini artıracağı söylenebilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
Yoktur
Kaynakça
- Aizen MA, Garibaldi LA, Cunningham SA, Klein AM 2008. Long-Term Global Trends in Crop Yield and Production Reveal No Current Pollination Shortage but Increasing Pollinator Dependency. Current Biology, 18(20): 1572-1575.
- Altıkat A, Turan T, Torun FE, Bingül Z 2009. Türkiye’de Pestisit Kullanımı ve Çevreye Olan Etkileri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 40(2): 87-92.
- Biesmeijer JC, Roberts SPM, Reemer M, Ohlemüller R, Edwards M, Peeters T, Kunin WE 2006. Parallel Declines in Pollinators and Insect-Pollinated Plants in Britain and the Netherlands. Science, 313(5785): 351-354.
- Botías C, David A, Hill EM, Goulson D 2017. Quantifying Exposure of Wild Bumblebees to Mixtures of Agrochemicals in Agricultural and Urban Landscapes. Environmental Pollution, 222: 73-82.
- Chakrabarti P, Sarkar S, Basu P 2019. Pesticide induced visual abnormalities in Asian honey bees (Apis cerana L.) in intensive agricultural landscapes. Chemosphere, 230: 51-58.
- da Silva PP, Cerqueira PA, Ogbe W 2018. Determinants of Renewable Energy Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Panel ARDL. Energy, 156: 45-54.
- Dickey DA, Fuller WA 1981. Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root. Econometrica, 49: 1057-1072.
- Fairbrother A, Purdy J, Anderson T, Fell R 2014. Risks of Neonicotinoid Insecticides to Honeybees. Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 33(4): 719-731.
- Gallai N, Salles JM, Settele J, Vaissière BE 2009. Economic Valuation of the Vulnerability of World Agriculture Confronted with Pollinator Decline. Ecological Economics, 68(3): 810-821.
- González-Varo JP, Biesmeijer JC, Bommarco R, Potts SG, Schweiger O, Smith HG, Vilà M 2013. Combined Effects of Global Change Pressures on Animal-Mediated Pollination. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 28(9): 524-530.
- Goulson D, Lye GC, Darvill B 2008. Decline and Conservation of Bumble Bees, Annual Review of Entomology, 53:191-208.
- Goulson D, Nicholls E, Botías C, Rotheray E L 2015. Bee Declines Driven by Combined Stress from Parasites, Pesticides, and Lack of Flowers. Science, 347(6229): 1255957.
- Harriet J, Campá JP, Grajales M, Lhéritier C, Gómez Pajuelo A, Mendoza-Spina Y, Carrasco-Letelier L 2017. Agricultural Pesticides and Veterinary Substances in Uruguayan Beeswax. Chemosphere, 177: 77-83.
- Im KS, Pesaran MH, Shin Y 2003. Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115(1): 53-74.
- Johnson RM, Elli MD, Mullin CA, Frazier M 2010. Pesticides and Honey Bee Toxicity - USA. Apidologie, 41(3): 312-331.
- Kluser S, Neumann P, Chauzat MP, Pettis J 2011. UNEP Emerging Issues: Global Honey Bee Colony Disorder and Other Threats to Insect Pollinators.
- Lawton JH 1998. Daily GC (Ed.). 1997. Nature's Services. Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems. Island Press, Washington, DC. 392. ISBN 1-55963-475-8 hbk), 1 55963 476 6 (soft cover. Paper presented at the Animal Conservation forum.
- Le Conte Y, Brunet J, McDonnell C, Dussaubat C, Alaux C 2011. Interactions between Risk Factors in Honey Bees. D Sammataro J Yoder. Recent Investigations into the Problems with our Honey Bee Pollinators. Taylor & Francis Inc, 215-222.
- Levin A, Lin CF, James Chu CS 2002. Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite Sample Properties. Journal of Econometrics, 108(1): 1-24.
- Martin SJ, Highfield, AC, Brettell L, Villalobos EM, Budge GE, Powell M, Schroeder DC 2012. Global Honey Bee Viral Landscape Altered by a Parasitic Mite. Science, 336(6086): 1304-1306.
- Mullin CA, Frazier M, Frazier JL, Ashcraft S, Simonds R, vanEngelsdorp D, Pettis JS 2010. High Levels of Miticides and Agrochemicals in North American Apiaries: Implications for Honey Bee Health. PLOS ONE, 5(3): e9754.
- Nguyen BK, Van Der Zee R, Vejsnæs F, Wilkins S, Le Conte Y, Ritter W. 2010. Coloss Working Group 1 : Monitoring and Diagnosis. Journal of Apicultural Research, 49(1): 97-99.
- Pedroni P 2004. Panel Cointegration: Asymptotic and Finite Sample Properties of Pooled Time Series Tests with an Application to The PPP Hypothesis. Econometric Theory, 20(3): 597-625.
- Phillips PCB, Hansen BE 1990. Statistical inference in Instrumental Variables Regression with i(1) Processes. Review of Economic Studies, 57(1): 99-125.
- Phillips PCB, Perron P 1988. Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression. Biometrika, 75(2): 335-346.
- Pistorius J, Bischoff G, Heimbach U, Stähler M 2009. Bee Poisoning Incidents in Germany in Spring 2008 Caused by Abrasion of Active Substance from Treated Seeds During Sowing of Maize. Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 423: 118-126.
- Potts SG, Biesmeijer JC, Kremen C, Neumann P, Schweiger O, Kunin WE 2010. Global Pollinator Declines: Trends, Impacts and Drivers. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 25(6): 345-353.
- Saikkonen P 1991. Asymptotically Efficient Estimation of Cointegration Regressions. Econometric Theory, 7(1): 1-21.
- Sanchez-Bayo F, Goka K 2014. Pesticide Residues and Bees – A Risk Assessment. PLOS ONE, 9(4): e94482.
- Stock JH, Watson MW 1993. A Simple Estimator of Cointegrating Vectors in Higher Order Integrated Systems. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 783-820.
- vanEngelsdorp D, Meixner MD 2010. A Historical Review of Managed Honey Bee Populations in Europe and the United States and the Factors that may Affect Them. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 103(1):80-95.
Öz
Pesticides used to combat pests in agricultural production in the world cause some negative externalities in the ecosystem. Pesticide use creates serious problems on honey bees. The purpose of this study is to test the relationship between pesticide use and honey yield with panel data analysis method in the period of 1992-2017. For this purpose, China, Turkey, Iran and India were chosen as examples since these countries represent 43% of world honey production. After analyzing the relationship between honey yield and total pesticide use with the Panel Pedroni cointegration test, Panel Dynamic Least Squares (DOLS) method and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method were used to measure the effect of pesticide use on honey yield. As a result of the DOLS analysis, it was determined that there was a 0.37% decrease in honey yield in case of a 1% increase in pesticide use. In addition, in the ARDL analysis, it was calculated that although there was an increase of 0.18% in honey yield in the case of a 1% increase in pesticide use in the short term, there was a 0.24% decrease in honey yield in the long term. According to both analysis methods, it was observed that the pesticide decreased the honey yield. As a result, it can be said that the use of less pesticides in places far from the bees' habitat will increase the quality of life and honey yield of bees.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Aizen MA, Garibaldi LA, Cunningham SA, Klein AM 2008. Long-Term Global Trends in Crop Yield and Production Reveal No Current Pollination Shortage but Increasing Pollinator Dependency. Current Biology, 18(20): 1572-1575.
- Altıkat A, Turan T, Torun FE, Bingül Z 2009. Türkiye’de Pestisit Kullanımı ve Çevreye Olan Etkileri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 40(2): 87-92.
- Biesmeijer JC, Roberts SPM, Reemer M, Ohlemüller R, Edwards M, Peeters T, Kunin WE 2006. Parallel Declines in Pollinators and Insect-Pollinated Plants in Britain and the Netherlands. Science, 313(5785): 351-354.
- Botías C, David A, Hill EM, Goulson D 2017. Quantifying Exposure of Wild Bumblebees to Mixtures of Agrochemicals in Agricultural and Urban Landscapes. Environmental Pollution, 222: 73-82.
- Chakrabarti P, Sarkar S, Basu P 2019. Pesticide induced visual abnormalities in Asian honey bees (Apis cerana L.) in intensive agricultural landscapes. Chemosphere, 230: 51-58.
- da Silva PP, Cerqueira PA, Ogbe W 2018. Determinants of Renewable Energy Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Panel ARDL. Energy, 156: 45-54.
- Dickey DA, Fuller WA 1981. Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root. Econometrica, 49: 1057-1072.
- Fairbrother A, Purdy J, Anderson T, Fell R 2014. Risks of Neonicotinoid Insecticides to Honeybees. Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 33(4): 719-731.
- Gallai N, Salles JM, Settele J, Vaissière BE 2009. Economic Valuation of the Vulnerability of World Agriculture Confronted with Pollinator Decline. Ecological Economics, 68(3): 810-821.
- González-Varo JP, Biesmeijer JC, Bommarco R, Potts SG, Schweiger O, Smith HG, Vilà M 2013. Combined Effects of Global Change Pressures on Animal-Mediated Pollination. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 28(9): 524-530.
- Goulson D, Lye GC, Darvill B 2008. Decline and Conservation of Bumble Bees, Annual Review of Entomology, 53:191-208.
- Goulson D, Nicholls E, Botías C, Rotheray E L 2015. Bee Declines Driven by Combined Stress from Parasites, Pesticides, and Lack of Flowers. Science, 347(6229): 1255957.
- Harriet J, Campá JP, Grajales M, Lhéritier C, Gómez Pajuelo A, Mendoza-Spina Y, Carrasco-Letelier L 2017. Agricultural Pesticides and Veterinary Substances in Uruguayan Beeswax. Chemosphere, 177: 77-83.
- Im KS, Pesaran MH, Shin Y 2003. Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115(1): 53-74.
- Johnson RM, Elli MD, Mullin CA, Frazier M 2010. Pesticides and Honey Bee Toxicity - USA. Apidologie, 41(3): 312-331.
- Kluser S, Neumann P, Chauzat MP, Pettis J 2011. UNEP Emerging Issues: Global Honey Bee Colony Disorder and Other Threats to Insect Pollinators.
- Lawton JH 1998. Daily GC (Ed.). 1997. Nature's Services. Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems. Island Press, Washington, DC. 392. ISBN 1-55963-475-8 hbk), 1 55963 476 6 (soft cover. Paper presented at the Animal Conservation forum.
- Le Conte Y, Brunet J, McDonnell C, Dussaubat C, Alaux C 2011. Interactions between Risk Factors in Honey Bees. D Sammataro J Yoder. Recent Investigations into the Problems with our Honey Bee Pollinators. Taylor & Francis Inc, 215-222.
- Levin A, Lin CF, James Chu CS 2002. Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite Sample Properties. Journal of Econometrics, 108(1): 1-24.
- Martin SJ, Highfield, AC, Brettell L, Villalobos EM, Budge GE, Powell M, Schroeder DC 2012. Global Honey Bee Viral Landscape Altered by a Parasitic Mite. Science, 336(6086): 1304-1306.
- Mullin CA, Frazier M, Frazier JL, Ashcraft S, Simonds R, vanEngelsdorp D, Pettis JS 2010. High Levels of Miticides and Agrochemicals in North American Apiaries: Implications for Honey Bee Health. PLOS ONE, 5(3): e9754.
- Nguyen BK, Van Der Zee R, Vejsnæs F, Wilkins S, Le Conte Y, Ritter W. 2010. Coloss Working Group 1 : Monitoring and Diagnosis. Journal of Apicultural Research, 49(1): 97-99.
- Pedroni P 2004. Panel Cointegration: Asymptotic and Finite Sample Properties of Pooled Time Series Tests with an Application to The PPP Hypothesis. Econometric Theory, 20(3): 597-625.
- Phillips PCB, Hansen BE 1990. Statistical inference in Instrumental Variables Regression with i(1) Processes. Review of Economic Studies, 57(1): 99-125.
- Phillips PCB, Perron P 1988. Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression. Biometrika, 75(2): 335-346.
- Pistorius J, Bischoff G, Heimbach U, Stähler M 2009. Bee Poisoning Incidents in Germany in Spring 2008 Caused by Abrasion of Active Substance from Treated Seeds During Sowing of Maize. Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 423: 118-126.
- Potts SG, Biesmeijer JC, Kremen C, Neumann P, Schweiger O, Kunin WE 2010. Global Pollinator Declines: Trends, Impacts and Drivers. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 25(6): 345-353.
- Saikkonen P 1991. Asymptotically Efficient Estimation of Cointegration Regressions. Econometric Theory, 7(1): 1-21.
- Sanchez-Bayo F, Goka K 2014. Pesticide Residues and Bees – A Risk Assessment. PLOS ONE, 9(4): e94482.
- Stock JH, Watson MW 1993. A Simple Estimator of Cointegrating Vectors in Higher Order Integrated Systems. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 783-820.
- vanEngelsdorp D, Meixner MD 2010. A Historical Review of Managed Honey Bee Populations in Europe and the United States and the Factors that may Affect Them. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 103(1):80-95.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ (Research Article) |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Ekim 2022 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 22 Mayıs 2021 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 1 Ekim 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 |
Cited By
Türkiye’de ve Dünya’da Bitki Koruma Ürünlerinin Kullanımının Değerlendirilmesi ve Öneriler
Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1402605
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